| 西南麦区96份小麦育种材料重要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 李晓荣,张中平,孙永海,善从锐,包晓鹏,赵鹏,刘琨,丁明亮.西南麦区96份小麦育种材料重要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(9):2358-2368. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李晓荣 张中平 孙永海 善从锐 包晓鹏 赵鹏 刘琨 丁明亮 |
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| 作者单位： | 楚雄州农业科学院,云南楚雄 675000;云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明 650205;云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明 650205;中国农业大学植物保护学院植物病理学系/农业农村部作物有害生物监测与绿色防控重点开放实验室,北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 云南省财政部门预算项目重大专项（530000210000000013809） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】分析西南麦区小麦育种材料的遗传多样性，为云南小麦育种的亲本选择及优质资源挖掘提供理论参考。【方法】对种植于云南楚雄的96份西南麦区小麦育种材料的11个数量性状和5个质量性状进行调查和测定，计算其变异系数和遗传多样性指数，并利用这些数量性状进行相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】96份小麦育种材料数量性状的平均变异系数和平均遗传多样性指数均大于质量性状；11个数量性状的平均变异系数为33.83%，其中白粉病的变异系数最高（70.28%），生育期的变异系数最低（4.35%）；平均遗传多样性指数为1.6591，其中每穗粒数的遗传多样性指数最高（2.0701），粒质和叶锈遗传多样性指数最低（0.9461）；5个质量性状的平均变异系数25.93%，其中粒色的变异系数最高（55.05%），壳色的变异系数最低（0.00%），平均遗传多样性指数为0.6383，其中穗型的遗传多样性指数最高（1.1892），壳色的遗传多样性指数最低（0.0000）。相关分析结果显示，11个数量性状间存在不同程度的相关性，其中产量与每穗粒数和千粒重呈极显著正相关（r=0.452**和0.479**，P<0.01），与分蘖数和叶锈病呈显著正相关（r=0.213*和0.245*，P<0.05，下同），与白粉病呈显著负相关（r=-0.233*），与其他性状均有一定的相关性但不显著（P>0.05）。主成分分析结果显示，主要信息集中在前4个主成分因子，累积贡献率达87.721%，因子1为产量相关因子，因子2和因子4为抗病性相关因子，因子3为生物量相关因子。聚类分析结果显示，在阀值为0.785处将供试材料分为六大类群，且不同类群表型性状存在一定差异，各类群均具有其独特的特征。【结论】不同地区的材料性状特征存在一定差异，但各地区间小麦育种材料的交流致使部分品种材料具有相同的性状特征。在育种实践中需在当地开展鉴定，分析所引进材料的特征特性，同时杂交组配时应优先考虑亲本的优势性状互补，其次才考虑地理来源。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 数量性状 质量性状 遗传多样性 西南麦区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-01 |
Genetic diversity of 96 wheat breeding materials in the southwest wheat region based on important agronomic traits |
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| LI Xiao-rong,ZHANG Zhong-ping,SUN Yong-hai,SHAN Cong-rui,BAO Xiao-peng,ZHAO Peng,LIU Kun,DING Ming-liang.Genetic diversity of 96 wheat breeding materials in the southwest wheat region based on important agronomic traits[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(9):2358-2368. |
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| Authors: | LI Xiao-rong ZHANG Zhong-ping SUN Yong-hai SHAN Cong-rui BAO Xiao-peng ZHAO Peng LIU Kun DING Ming-liang |
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| Institution: | 1 Chuxiong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, China;2 The Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Kunming 650205, China;3 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The genetic diversity of wheat breeding materials in the southwest wheat area was analyzed to provide a theoretical reference for parent selection and improved mining of germplasm resources for wheat breeding in Yunnan.【Method】 Eleven quantitative traits and five qualitative traits of 96 excellent wheat breeding materials planted in Chuxiong,Yunnan were investigated and determined. The coefficient of variation and genetic diversity index of these traits were calculated. These quantitative traits were also subjected to correlation, principal component and cluster analysis.【Result】 The average coefficient of variation and average genetic diversity index of quantitative traits in 96 wheat breeding materials were higher than those of their qualitative traits. The average coefficient of variation of 11 quantitative traits was 33.83%, while the coefficient of variation of powdery mildew was the highest(70.28%)and that of seeding date was the lowest(4.35%). The average genetic diversity index of these quantitative traits was 1.6591, while the genetic diversity index of kernel number was the highest(2.0701)and that of kernel texture and leaf rust were the lowest(0.9461). The average coefficient of variation of five qualitative traits was 25.93%, while the coefficient of variation of kernel color was the highest(55.05%)and that of glume color was the lowest(0.00%). The average genetic diversity index of these qualitative traits was 0.6383, while the genetic diversity index of panicle type was the highest(1.1892)and that of glume color was the lowest(0.0000). The results of correlation analysis showed that there were complex correlations among 11 quantitative traits. The yield was very significantly correlated with the kernel number and 1000-kernel weight(r=0.452** and 0.479**,P<0.01), positively correlated with the tiller number and leaf rust(r=0.213* and 0.245*,P<0.05 the same below), and negatively correlated with powdery mildew (r=-0.233*). Some other correlations were observed between yield and further traits,but these were considered not significant(P>0.05). The results from principal component analysis showed that the main information was concentrated in the first four principal component factors with a cumulative contribution of 87.721%. PC1 was related to yield, PC2 and PC4 with disease resistance and PC3 with biomass. The results of cluster analysis showed that the tested materials were divided into six groups at the threshold of 0.785, and the phenotypic traits of these groups were different and presented unique characteristics.【Conclusion】 There are some differences in the characteristics of materials from different regions. However,the exchange of wheat breeding materials between regions leads to the development of the same characteristics in some varieties. For wheat breeding,breeders need to carry out identification locally and analyze the characteristics of the introduced materials. In addition, breeders should give priority to the complementary dominant traits of parents, followed by consideration of the geographical source. |
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