| 植物源杀虫剂对棉蚜毒力及多异瓢虫的安全性评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘佳美,刘冰,王佩玲,陆宴辉.植物源杀虫剂对棉蚜毒力及多异瓢虫的安全性评价[J].新疆农业科学,2021,58(11):2069-2076. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘佳美 刘冰 王佩玲 陆宴辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 8320032.中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 8311003.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】评价苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素对棉蚜的毒力和不同虫态多异瓢虫(卵、1龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、成虫)的毒性,为科学使用植物源杀虫剂提供参考依据。【方法】利用喷雾塔进行室内定量喷雾,测定苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素处理后棉蚜、多异瓢虫的死亡率。【结果】在2 000 mg/L处理下,苦参碱对棉蚜的毒力最高、校正死亡率为89.3%,高于藜芦碱的61.7%和印楝素的57.6%。这3种植物源杀虫剂对多异瓢虫毒力均较低,2 000 mg/L处理96 h后多异瓢虫卵死亡率分别为16.5%、20.9%和20.9%;处理24 h后,1龄幼虫死亡率分别为29.6%、38.9%和42.6%,3龄幼虫死亡率分别为1.7%、8.3%和5.0%,成虫死亡率均不超过20%。3种植物源杀虫剂处理下的多异瓢虫各虫态死亡率均显著低于100 mg/L吡虫啉。【结论】苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素对多异瓢虫安全性较高,其中苦参碱对棉蚜毒力高于其他2种,适合在新疆棉田棉蚜防治中使用。
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| 关 键 词： | 植物源杀虫剂 棉蚜 多异瓢虫 毒力 安全性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-18 |
Toxicity of Three Botanical Insecticides to Aphis gossypii and Their Selectivity to Hippodamia variegata |
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| LIU Jiamei,LIU Bing,WANG Peiling,LU Yanhui.Toxicity of Three Botanical Insecticides to Aphis gossypii and Their Selectivity to Hippodamia variegata[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2021,58(11):2069-2076. |
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| Authors: | LIU Jiamei LIU Bing WANG Peiling LU Yanhui |
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| Institution: | 1. Agricultural college of Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China2. Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changjie Xinjiang 831100, China3. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 This study is aimed to evaluate the toxicity of three botanical insecticides (matrine, veratrine and azadirachtin) to Aphis gossypii and Hippodamia variegata with various development stages (eggs, 1 st and 3 rd larvae, adults). Our study provides a helpful insight of optimal using botanical insecticides to improve the green control of A. gossypii in cotton field. 【Method】 A quantitative spraying method with spray tower was deployed to test the toxicity of matrine, veratrine and azadirachtin on A. gossypii and H. variegata. 【Result】 Under the treatments of 2,000 mg/L, matrine had the highest toxicity on A. gossypii (the adjusted mortality rate was 89.3%) which was higher than veratrine (61.7%) and azadirachtin (57.6%). These three botanical insecticides are safe to H. variegate, after 2000 mg/L treatment for 96 h, the adjusted mortality rate of eggs was 16.5%, 20.9% and 20.9%, respectively. In addition, the mortality rate of 1st larvae was 29.6%, 38.9% and 42.6% for 24 h, whereas 1.7%, 8.3% and 5.0% of 3rd larvae, and the mortality rate of adults was no more than 20%. All ladybeetle mortality rates were significantly lower than imidacloprid control (100 mg/L). 【Conclusion】 Matrine, veratrine and azadirachtin are safe to H. variegata. Matrine has the higher toxicity on A. gossypii than veratrine and azadirachtin, and can be widely applied to control aphids in Xinjiang cotton fields. |
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| Keywords: | botanical insecticides Aphis gossypii Hippodamia variegata toxicity safety |
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