| 不同产地沙棘果的成分分析 |
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| 引用本文： | Heikki Kallio,Yang Baoru,Raija Tahvonen,Mari Hakala,许涛,卢顺光.不同产地沙棘果的成分分析[J].国际沙棘研究与开发,2003,1(1):34-39. |
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| 作者姓名： | Heikki Kallio Yang Baoru Raija Tahvonen Mari Hakala 许涛 卢顺光 |
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| 作者单位： | 芬兰,土尔库大学生物化学及食品化学系 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过沙棘甘油三酯和甘油磷脂中的糖、果酸(气相色谱-质谱法,TMS衍生物)、矿物质(FAAS,ETAAS)、挥发性物质(顶部空间气相色谱-质谱法)、Vc(高压液相色谱)和脂肪酸(气相色谱-质谱法,甲基酯)的分析方法,优化不同产地的沙棘果。对1997年10-11月采集的中国沙棘果(CH)和8月底采集的芬兰沙棘果(FI)和俄罗斯沙棘果(RU)的成分进行比较,得到了为今后开展更广泛的沙棘项目所需要的足够的资料。中国沙棘果汁中的Vc含量极高,平均8g/l(4.2-13.2g/l),是芬兰沙棘果汁中含量的5倍。主要矿物元素的含量比其它可食用的浆果中丰富得多,钾是沙棘果(6-14g/kg,干重)和沙棘籽(5-9g/kg,干重)中的主要矿物质之一,在一些样品中铅和镉含量的增加表明存在轻微的污染。压榨的沙棘果汁中糖的含量从1-20g/100ml有很大的变化,含量最高的是晚秋收获的中国沙棘果,最低的是8月收获的芬兰沙棘果。糖主要是葡萄糖(占总糖分的50％以上)、果糖及葡萄糖衍生物。苹果酸和奎宁酸是主要的果酸(77％-97％),含量为每100ml果汁中4.2-9.1g。果汁上部油脂的特点是形成了C2-C5n-、iso-、和ante-iso乙醇,C4-C5n-,iso,及ante-ISO酸,也呈现出挥发性油脂的籽油乙醇前体。不同的产地和采收时间对挥发物有着明显的影响,整个果中的含油量为2％-11％(鲜重),籽中的含
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| 关 键 词： | 沙棘果 产地 成分 |
| 文章编号： | 1672-4836(2003)01-0034-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003年5月15日 |
Composition of Seabuckthorn Berries of Various Origins |
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| Authors: | Heikki Kallio Yang Baoru Raija Tahvonen Mari Hakala |
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| Abstract: | Methods of analysis of sugars and fruit acids (GC-MS, TMS-derivatives), mineral elements (FAAS, ETAAS), volatile compounds (headspace-GC-MS), vitamin C (HPLC), and fatty acids (GC-MS, methyl esters) of triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids of seabuckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoi-desberries were optimized. The composition of Chinese (CH) berries, harvested in October-November, and Finnish (FI) and Russian (RU) berries at the end of August 1997 were compared to obtain sufficient background knowledge for a protocol of a more comprehensive seabuckthorn pro- ject. The vitamin C content of CH juice was typically extremely high, on average 8 g/1 (4. 2-13. 2 g/ 1), five times more than that of the FI juice. Essential mineral elements were more abundant than is typical in other edible berries, potassium being the major one in the berries (6-14 g/kg d. w. ) and seeds (5-9 g/kg d. w. ). Elevated contents of lead and cadmium in some samples indicated a slight pol-lutant fallout. The sugar contents in the pressed juices varied extremely, from 1 to 20 g/100 ml. The highest values were obtained in the Chinese berries collected in late autumn and the lowest in the Fin-ish berries picked in August. Glucose (>50% of sugars), fructose, and a glucose derivative were the most abundant sugars. Malic and quinic acids were the major fruit acids (77-97%) ranging from 4. 2 to 9. 1 g/100 ml juice. The juice headspace was characterized by esters formed of C2 - C5 n-, iso-, and ante-iso alcohols and C4 - C5 n-, iso, and ante-iso acids. Free precursor alcohols of volatile esters were also present. Different origins and times of harvest seemed to have a clear effect on the profiles of volatiles. The oil content of whole berries varied from 2 to 11% (f.w. ) and of the seeds from 4 to 17% (f. w. ). Phospholipids covered over 10% of the lipids. Triacylglycerols and phospholipids of the soft parts (flesh and skin) and seeds had all their typical FA compositions. |
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| Keywords: | Seabuckthorn berries Hippophae rhamnoides L origins composition vitamin C min-erals oil content fatty acids sugars acids volatile compounds |
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