| 黄河流域水土保持蓄水保土效益计算 |
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| 摘 要： | 新中国建立以来,黄河流域的水土保持工作取得了显著成效。采用水保法计算、水文法校对,1950～1987年,黄河流域各项水保措施累计蓄水量为259.7亿m~3。1970～1987年年平均蓄水量12.9亿m~3,是1950～1969年年平均蓄水量1.36亿m~3的9倍多。38年累计拦泥保土量为70.22亿t,其中后18年年平均拦泥3.12亿t,约占黄河陕县站多年平均输沙量16亿t的20％。在所拦的泥沙中,有75％的集中分布在陕晋蒙接壤地区,46％的集中分布在陕北。按措施分析,则梯田(包括条田、埝地)占14.5％,坝地占76.8％,林草占9.9％。文章还对坝地减轻侵蚀的作用进行了讨论,分析了水土保持在减少入黄泥沙中的作用,并指出了开荒、开矿、修路等造成新的水土流失对水土保持效益的影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 水土保持 蓄水保土 效益 计算 |
Evaluation of the Benefit of Soil and Water Conservation in the Yellow River Drainage Basin |
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| Abstract: | Great achievements have been made in soil and water conservation work in the Yellow River drainage basin since the founding of New China.Calculated by method of soil conservation and checked by data from hydrornetric stations, the accumulative amount of water being stored by all kinds of conservation measures in the whole Yellow River basin adds up to 25.97 billion m~3 from 1950 to 1987, in which the average storage of water from 1970 to 1987 amounted to 1.29 billion m~3 per year,9 times more than the fi gure,0.136 billion m~3 from 1950 to 1969. Accumulative sediment preserved in 38 years is 7.022 billion tons, in which the average sediment retained annually in latter 18 years is 0.312 billion tons,accounting for 20% of the mean annual amount of sediment load, 1.6 billion tons at Sanmenxia Hydrometric Station on the Yellow River.Seventy five per cent of the sediment load retained takes place in the transition area among Shaanxi Province,Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,in which 46% is in the North Shannxi Province.Analysing by conservation measures, terraced field including strip land and soil ridge accounts for 14.5%, desilting dam accounts for 76.8% and forest grass land 9.9%. The paper discusses the function played by the desilting dam in erosion control and the effectiveness of soil and water conservation in reducing the sediment load entering the Yellow River and the influence of new soil loss bringing about by exploiting the virgin lands, mining and construction of railway and highway on the benefits of soil and water conservation. |
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