Physical Exercise Affects Serotoninergic System in Horse Leukocytes |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Veterinary Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy;2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy;3. Department of Veterinary Sciences, Physiology Unit, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy;1. Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;2. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;3. National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing, China;4. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China;5. Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China;1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;2. Faculty of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt;4. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland;2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland;1. Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;2. Faculty of Medicine, Neural Dynamics Research Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;3. Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;4. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;1. Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX;2. Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Stephenville, TX;1. Universidade Federal do Pampa, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência Animal, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Pampa, Hospital Veterinário, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Animal: Equinos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;5. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Hospital Veterinário, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT]) may induce metabolic effects in different cell types, including leukocytes. In horses, 5-HT is involved in physiological and behavioral functions. Physical exercise is known to increase the amounts of 5-HT both in brain and periphery, but so far, the signal mechanism in response to exercise is not known. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a racehorse intensive training session on plasma 5-HT levels, serotonin transporter (SERT), 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT7 receptor, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In particular, the research was carried out on 12 trained horses performing daily training. Plasma 5-HT levels were analyzed in platelet-poor plasma fraction by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at T0, T1, and T2 (pretraining, 30 minutes post-training, and 2 hours post-training session), respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to perform real-time polymerase chain reaction for the evaluation of SERT, 5-HT receptor, and cytokine mRNA levels. The results showed significantly increased levels of plasma 5-HT, 5HT1A, and 5-HT2A and significantly decreased levels of SERT, 5-HT1B, 5-HT7, and both cytokine mRNAs in PBMC at T1, compared with T0 and T2. The results were confirmed by in vitro experiment. Training may induce a lower degree of 5-HT storage and, therefore, a higher plasma 5-HT concentrations. Leukocyte 5-HT receptor mRNAs seem strongly influenced by the exercise. Observed changes suggest a transient neuroendocrinological response to the exercise. A better understanding of the influence of physical exercise on serotoninergic system could have potential application for the implementation of training protocols in racing horses. |
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| Keywords: | Cytokines Horse Leukocytes Serotonin Training |
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