Equine Herpesvirus-I Infection in Horses: Recent Updates on its Pathogenicity,Vaccination, and Preventive Management Strategies |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico;3. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico;1. Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel;2. Division of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel;3. Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel;1. Molecular Biology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;2. Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;1. Institut für Virologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany;2. Pferde-Praxis Ahrensburg, Haberkamp 3, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany;1. Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, Room A13, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;3. North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 276074, USA;4. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany;1. NeoVirTech SAS, Centre Pierre Potier, Toulouse, France;2. IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France |
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| Abstract: | Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is one of the most common and ubiquitous viral pathogens infecting equines, particularly horses worldwide. The EHV-1 is known to induce not only humoral but also cellular immune responses in horses. Respiratory distress, abortion in pregnant mares, neurological disorders, and neonatal foal deaths represent EHV-1 infection. Despite the limited success of inactivated, subunit, live, and DNA vaccines, over the past few decades, vaccination remains the prime preventive option to combat EHV-1 infection in horses. However, current vaccines lack the potentiality to protect the neurological form of infections in horses. There is desperate necessity to search effectual EHV-1 vaccines that may stimulate not only mucosal and systemic cellular immunity but also humoral immunity in the horses. This review highlights the state of knowledge regarding EHV-1 biology, EHV-1 pathogenesis, and disparate vaccines studied in the past to prevent EHV-1 infection. The review also underlines the best management strategies which certainly need to be adopted by veterinarians in order to avoid and prevent EHV-1 infection and outbreak in horses in the future. |
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| Keywords: | Equine herpesvirus-1 Horses Management practices Pathogenesis Vaccination |
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