| 叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌的活性及作用机制 |
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| 引用本文： | 赫丹,徐剑宏,仇剑波,刘馨,高弢,杜予州,史建荣,LEE Yinwon.叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌的活性及作用机制[J].农药学学报,2023,25(2):353-363. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赫丹 徐剑宏 仇剑波 刘馨 高弢 杜予州 史建荣 LEE Yinwon |
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| 作者单位： | 1.扬州大学 园艺与植物保护学院，江苏 扬州 225009 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划 (2018YFE0206000)；国家自然科学基金 (32161143034)；农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估项目 (GJFP20220105，GJFP20220102)；江苏省农业自主创新资金项目 (CX(21)1005). |
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| 摘 要： | 玉米穗腐病是严重的世界性真菌病害，而轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioide是我国玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌。为明确叶菌唑在我国玉米穗腐病防治中的应用潜力，采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法，分别测定了叶菌唑对2019至2021年采自我国山东、河南和江苏3个省份的35株轮枝镰刀菌菌丝生长以及分生孢子形成、萌发和芽管伸长的影响，并测定了该药剂对轮枝镰刀菌产毒(B族伏马毒素，type B fumonisins,FBs)能力及产毒基因表达的影响；通过测定叶菌唑处理后轮枝镰刀菌菌丝麦角甾醇、胞内甘油和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及电导率的变化，探究了其作用机制；同时评价了叶菌唑对田间玉米穗腐病的防治效果。结果显示：叶菌唑对35株轮枝镰刀菌均表现出较强的抑制活性，其对轮枝镰刀菌的菌丝生长以及分生孢子形成、萌发及芽管伸长具有显著的剂量依赖性抑制作用。其中：叶菌唑抑制菌丝生长的EC50值在0.005～0.029μg/mL之间，平均EC50值为(0.012±0.006)μg/mL;EC50浓度的叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌分生孢子形成、萌发及芽...
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| 关 键 词： | 叶菌唑 玉米穗腐病 轮枝镰刀菌 敏感性 伏马毒素 防治效果 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-11-16 |
Activity and mechanism of metconazole against Fusarium verticillioides |
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| Abstract: | Maize ear rot is a serious fungal disease that occurs worldwide and Fusarium verticillioides is the predominant causal pathogen of maize ear rot in China. In order to determine the potential application of metconazole against maize ear rot, the effects of metconazole on the mycelial growth, conidium production and germination, and germ tube elongation of 35 F. verticillioides strains collected from Shandong, Henan and Jiangsu provinces in China from 2019 to 2021 were determined by mycelial growth rate and spore germination method, respectively. Its effects on type B fumonisins (FBs) production and the expression levels of FBs biosynthesis genes of F. verticillioides were determined. The mechanism of action was explored by measuring the production of ergosterol, glycerol and malondialdehyde (MDA), and mycelial conductivity of F. verticillioides after metconazole treatment. Meanwhile, the control effect of metconazole on maize ear rot in the field was evaluated. The results showed that metconazole had strong antifungal activity against 35 strains of F. verticillioides, and had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on mycelial growth, conidium formation and germination, and germ tube elongation of F.verticillioides. The EC50 values of metconazole inhibiting mycelial growth of F.verticillioides ranged from 0.005 to 0.029 μg/mL, with an average EC50 value of (0.012 ± 0.006) μg/mL. The average inhibition rates of EC50 concentration of metconazole on conidial formation, germination and germ tube elongation of F. verticillioides were (20.59 ± 5.75) %, (24.88 ± 5.15) % and (59.98 ± 9.11) %, respectively. Metconazole significantly reduced the production of FBs and the expression level of FBs biosynthetic genes, and the inhibition rate on FBs production was 29.04%. The production of ergosterol in mycelia of F. verticillioides was significantly reduced, and the inhibition rate was 39.10%. At the same time, the production of glycerol and MDA, and relative conductivity were increased, and the induction rates of glycerol and MDA were 66.39% and 33.74%, respectively. Field experiments showed that the control effects of 90, 135 and 180 a.i. g/hm2 metconazole against maize ear rot were (20.93 ± 4.65) %, (27.75 ± 5.71) % and (46.05 ± 9.90) %, and the yield increase rates were (8.86 ± 8.84) %, (17.28 ± 11.91) % and (33.20 ± 12.07) %, respectively, which were better than the control fungicide prothioconazole + tebuconazole. This study evaluated the potential of metconazole against maize ear rot and provided a theoretical basis for uncovering its activity and mechanism against F. verticillioides. |
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