| 氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 代健敏,张巨松,徐新龙,李始鑫,翟梦华,孙明辉.氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响[J].新疆农业科学,2023,60(4):798-809. |
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| 作者姓名： | 代健敏 张巨松 徐新龙 李始鑫 翟梦华 孙明辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.新疆农业大学教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 8300522.新疆沙雅农技服务中心,新疆沙雅 842200 |
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| 基金项目： | 新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响。【方法】主区为正常蕾期灌水处理(CK),蕾期中度水分胁迫处理，副区为4种施氮比例不施氮(N0)、以盛铃期为界限分为(蕾期肥+花期肥)∶铃期肥3∶7 (N37)、(蕾期肥+花期肥)∶铃期肥5∶5 (N55)、(蕾期肥+花期肥)∶铃期肥7∶3 (N73),研究雹后重播受旱棉花的最佳氮肥运筹。【结果】在同一氮肥处理下，蕾期中度水分胁迫较CK处理生育进程提前，茎粗、有效果枝、倒四叶宽、双铃率以及LAI、Pn均有所降低，干物质最大积累速率及出现时间、拐点提前；干物质最大积累量、干物质向生殖器官分配比例，单株成铃数、籽棉产量有所下降，单铃重、衣分无显著差异；在同一水分处理下，铃期肥比例增加，生育进程延后，倒四叶宽增加；不同追肥比例在茎粗、有效果枝数、倒四叶宽、双铃率、 LAI、Pn均优于N0处理，干物质最大积累量、最大积累速率、单株结铃数、籽棉产量均高于N0处理；在正常蕾期灌水处理(CK)下N55
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| 关 键 词： | 棉花 氮肥运筹 蕾期受旱 生长特性 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-09-03 |
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on the growth characteristics and yield of drought cotton after hail reseeding |
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| DAI Jianmin,ZHANG Jusong,XU Xinlong,LI Shixin,ZHAI Menghua,SUN Minghui.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on the growth characteristics and yield of drought cotton after hail reseeding[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2023,60(4):798-809. |
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| Authors: | DAI Jianmin ZHANG Jusong XU Xinlong LI Shixin ZHAI Menghua SUN Minghui |
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| Institution: | 1. Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C., Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China2. Xinjiang Shaya Agricultural Technology Service Center, Shaya Xinjiang 842200, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on the growth characteristics and yield of drought-affected cotton after hail reseeding. 【Methods】The main area was normal bud stage irrigation treatment (CK), bud stage moderate water stress treatment, and the sub-area was 4 kinds of nitrogen application ratios (N0). The boundary was divided into: bud stage + flowering stage. Fertilizer:Boll stage fertilizer 3:7 (N37), Bud stage + Flowering stage:Boll stage fertilizer 5:5 (N55), Bud stage + Flowering stage:Bell stage fertilizer 7:3 (N73). The purpose was to study the best nitrogen fertilizer management for the drought cotton. 【Results】Under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the moderate water stress at the bud stage was earlier than the CK treatment. The stem thickness, effective branches, first fourth leaf width, double boll rate, LAI and Pn were all reduced, and the maximum dry matter accumulation rate was as low as the emergence time and the turning point was advanced; the maximum accumulation of dry matter, the distribution ratio of dry matter to the reproductive organs, the number of bolls per plant and the yield of seed cotton declined, and there was no significant difference in single boll weight and lint; under the same water treatment, the boll stage when the fertilizer ratio increased, the growth process was delayed, and the width of the top four leaves increased; different topdressing ratios were better than the N0 treatment in terms of stem thickness, number of effective branches, width of the top four leaves, double boll rate, LAI, and Pn. The maximum dry matter accumulation rate, the number of bolls per plant, and the yield of seed cotton were all higher than those of N0 treatment; N55 treatment performed best under normal bud stage irrigation treatment (CK), which increased 37.58%, 13.89%, and 12.85% compared with N0, N37, and N73 treatments; Under moderate water stress in the bud stage, the stem thickness, effective shoots, double boll rate LAI and Pn of N37 treatment were better than CK treatment, and the increase effect was significant; the dry matter accumulation was 1-7 days shorter than the rapid growth period of CK treatment; the dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs and reproductive organs decreased by 8.63% and 54.83% on average, and the rapid accumulation rate increased by 49.6%. The maximum accumulation amount, duration and maximum accumulation rate of dry matter were optimal with N37 and the increase effect was most obvious. The number of single plant knot and seed cotton yield was that treated with N37, which increased by 57.33%, 34.01% and 18.35% than N0, N55 and N73, respectively.【Conclusion】Under the condition of reseeding and drought (moderate water stress in bud stage) after hail, the ratio of topdressing fertilizer in growth period and fertilizer in flowering period: 3:7 in boll period did not decrease but increased the yield of seed cotton compared with CK. In the case of cotton reseeding and drought, the topdressing ratio is set to bud stage + flowering stage fertilizer:boll stage fertilizer 3:7 is the best. |
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| Keywords: | cotton nitrogen fertilizer management drought in bud stage growth characteristics yield |
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