| 大豆玉米带状复合种植喷杆设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 颜廷瑞,印祥,王亚林,陈年斌,舒邦秦.大豆玉米带状复合种植喷杆设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2023,44(1):31. |
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| 作者姓名： | 颜廷瑞 印祥 王亚林 陈年斌 舒邦秦 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 山东卫士植保机械有限公司，山东临沂，276017； 2. 山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院，
山东淄博，255000； 3. 山东华盛农业药械有限责任公司，山东临沂，276017
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| 基金项目： | 山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2020MC085)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(32171910)；山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010734) |
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| 摘 要： | 在大豆玉米带状复合种植模式下，大豆和玉米生长过程中植株高度差异大，每段喷杆的高度需要独立调节，以保证喷头与作物距离一致。为此采用机电液一体化控制方法，设计用于高地隙喷杆施药机的每段高度可调的分段式喷杆高度调节机构和控制系统。所设计的四杆升降机构，通过电磁换向阀控制液压油缸伸缩，带动平行四杆机构来实现升降，使喷杆支架能够带动各分段式高度调节机构整体升降。所设计的分段式高度调节机构，通过控制电动推杆伸缩带动剪叉臂绕着各铰接点转动，带动喷杆上下调节，实现每段喷杆独立调节高度。以3WP-1000GS高地隙施药机为试验平台，对喷杆高度调节范围、高度调节一致性等进行对比分析。试验结果表明：平行四杆机构的调节范围为120 cm，最高离地高度可以达到162 cm，最低离地高度为42 cm，符合设计要求，能够满足玉米和大豆田间喷药的要求。分段式高度调节机构的高度调节范围为68 cm，五组分段式高度调节机构的高度调节范围绝对偏差最大值为-0.73 cm，相对偏差最大值为-1.08%。各分段式高度调节机构可调节高度范围大，具有良好的一致性，高度调节过程流畅无卡滞，能够满足大豆玉米带状复合种植模式下田间喷雾喷头与作物距离一致的需求。
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| 关 键 词： | 带状复合种植 喷杆 独立高度调节 大豆 玉米 |
Design and experiment of spray bar for soybean and corn strip compound planting |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Under the belt type compound planting mode of soybean and corn, the plant height of soybean and corn varies greatly during their growth. The height of each section of the spray bar needs to be adjusted independently to ensure that the distance between the spray head and the crop is consistent. For this reason, the mechatronic hydraulic integrated control method is adopted, and the segmented spray bar height adjusting mechanism and control system for high clearance spray bar sprayer with adjustable height of each section are designed. The designed four bar lifting mechanism controls the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder through the electromagnetic reversing valve to drive the parallel four bar mechanism to achieve lifting, so that the spray bar bracket can drive the overall lifting of each segmented height adjustment mechanism. The designed segmented height adjustment mechanism drives the shear fork arm to rotate around each hinge point by controlling the extension and contraction of the electric push rod, driving the spray bar to adjust up and down, and realizing the independent height adjustment of each section of the spray bar. Taking the 3WP-1000GS high clearance pesticide applicator as the test platform, the height adjustment range and height adjustment consistency of the spray bar were compared and analyzed. The test results showed that the adjustment range of the parallel four bar mechanism was 120 cm, the maximum height above the ground could reach 162 cm, and the minimum height above the ground could reach 42 cm, which met the design requirements and could meet the requirements of corn and soybean field spraying. The height adjustment range of the segmented height adjustment mechanism was 68 cm. The maximum absolute deviation of the height adjustment range of five groups of segmented height adjustment mechanisms was -0.73 cm, and the maximum relative deviation was -1.08%. Each segmented height adjustment mechanism can adjust the height in a wide range, with good consistency. The height adjustment process is smooth and free of stagnation, which can meet the requirement that the distance between the field spray nozzle and the crop is consistent under the soybean corn belt composite planting mode. |
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