| 休牧对西藏高寒草原和高寒草甸植被与土壤特征的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 高小源,鲁旭阳.休牧对西藏高寒草原和高寒草甸植被与土壤特征的影响[J].草业科学,2020(3):486-496. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高小源 鲁旭阳 |
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| 作者单位： | 西藏自治区生态环境厅自然生态保护处;中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目(41877338、41671262)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 休牧是西藏主要放牧管理和草地保护的措施之一,目的是通过自然力的作用使退化草地的植被与土壤得到恢复,维持较高的多样性和生物量。本研究以西藏中部高寒草原和高寒草甸为研究对象,通过野外调查和室内试验分析,研究自由放牧和休牧对高寒草原和高寒草甸植物物种多样性、总生物量、地上地下生物量权衡以及土壤理化性质的影响,对比自由放牧和休牧对高寒草原和高寒草甸植被与土壤特征影响的差异。结果表明:在高寒草原与高寒草甸,休牧6~8年虽一定程度降低了植物群落的Simpson指数、Pielou指数、Shannon-Wiener指数,增加了植被总生物量,但变化均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。休牧6~8年提高了地上和地下生物量权衡值,并促使植物更多地向地上部分生长,且在高寒草甸的作用效果更为明显。另外,休牧和自由放牧对高寒草甸以及高寒草原草地土壤机械组成、土壤微团聚体、土壤营养元素影响没有显著差异。综合分析发现,休牧对西藏高寒草地的植被恢复尚未产生明显的效果,表现为休牧对群落生物多样性、植被生物量和土壤理化性质影响均未达显著水平,因此,对西藏休牧的实施效果还有待于今后进一步的观测和研究。
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| 关 键 词： | 休牧 物种多样性 地上地下生物量权衡 土壤理化性质 高寒草原 高寒草甸 |
Effects of rest grazing on vegetation and soil characteristics of alpine steppe and alpine meadow in Tibet |
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| GAO Xiaoyuan,LU Xuyang.Effects of rest grazing on vegetation and soil characteristics of alpine steppe and alpine meadow in Tibet[J].Pratacultural Science,2020(3):486-496. |
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| Authors: | GAO Xiaoyuan LU Xuyang |
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| Institution: | (Natural Ecological Conservation Office,Department of Ecology and Environment of Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,Tibet,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China) |
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| Abstract: | Rest grazing is one of the primary grazing management and grassland protection strategies in Tibet to restore the vegetation and soil in degraded grasslands and maintain high diversity and biomass through natural regeneration.Considering the alpine steppe and alpine meadow in central Tibet as the research object,the effects of free grazing and rest grazing on plant species diversity,total biomass,balance between aboveground and underground biomass,and physical and chemical properties of alpine steppe and alpine meadow soils were studied through field investigation and laboratory experiment analysis.The results showed that rest grazing reduced Simpson,Pielou,and Shannon-Wiener indices of the plant community and increased the total biomass of vegetation in both alpine steppe and alpine meadow;however,the variations did not achieve any statistical significance.Furthermore,rest grazing increased the balance value of aboveground and underground biomass,thereby contributing to the growth and development of aboveground vegetation.The effect was more obvious in alpine meadow.In addition,no significant difference was observed in the effects of rest grazing and free grazing on soil mechanical composition,soil microaggregates,and soil nutrients in the alpine grasslands.Therefore,rest grazing exerted no obvious effects on vegetation restoration in the alpine grassland of Tibet,and no significant differences were observed between rest grazing and free grazing grasslands in terms of biodiversity of the community,vegetation biomass,and soil physical and chemical properties.As a consequence,the effect of rest grazing remains to be evaluated and studied in the future. |
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| Keywords: | rest grazing species diversity balance of aboveground and underground biomass physical and chemical properties of soil alpine steppe alpine meadow |
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