| 放牧牛羊对云贵地区禾草/白三叶草地群落稳定性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王文,胡廷花,刘慧紧,赵一军,徐震,毛文娅.放牧牛羊对云贵地区禾草/白三叶草地群落稳定性的影响[J].草业科学,2020(3):542-549. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王文 胡廷花 刘慧紧 赵一军 徐震 毛文娅 |
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| 作者单位： | 云南省种羊繁育推广中心;兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/甘肃省西部草业技术创新中心/兰州大学草地农业科技学院;兴义市众犇农牧发展有限公司 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2016]2585号);兴义市众犇农牧发展有限公司委托项目“云贵高原禾草/三叶草草地稳定性及草畜动态平衡研究”;长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT-17R50)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 禾草/白三叶(Trifolium repens)草地是中国南方喀斯特地区主要刈牧地之一,探究不同家畜放牧下禾草/白三叶草地植被构成和群落稳定性,可一定程度揭示其植被演替特征。本研究定量分析了多年放牧牛(grazing cattle pasture,GC)、放牧羊(grazing sheep pasture,GS)的禾草/白三叶草地群落特征、物种多样性、生物量构成及群落稳定性。结果显示:1)草地死物质量及植物物种数为GC>GS,植物物种Simpson指数为GS>GC;2)草地禾草多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)及原生禾草]、原生双子叶(马鞭草科、车前科、酢浆草科和十字花科)及适口性中等植物地上生物量组分为GC>GS,播种白三叶地上生物量组分为GS>GC;且GC草地地上生物量以禾草为主(77.20%),GS草地地上生物量以禾草(51.79%)和豆科(28.02%)为主;3)草地土壤K含量为GC>GS;4)GC草地植物种Raunkiaer频度直方图呈反J型,群落演替度(37.08)比GS草地(45.45)的低。研究认为,GC草地群落处于相对稳定状态,而GS草地群落处于更高演替阶段,牛放牧更利于禾草/白三叶草地群落稳定性和物种多样性的维持。因此,放牧时可实行牛、羊混牧制,或牛、羊轮牧制,以提高禾草/白三叶草地的稳定性和生产力。
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| 关 键 词： | 禾草/白三叶草地 群落结构 生物量构成 土壤养分 草地稳定性 |
Effects of cattle and sheep grazing on the community stability ofgrass/Trifolium repens grass lands Yungui Area |
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| WANG Wen,HU Tinghua,LIU Huijin,ZHAO Yijun,XU Zhen,MAO Wenya.Effects of cattle and sheep grazing on the community stability ofgrass/Trifolium repens grass lands Yungui Area[J].Pratacultural Science,2020(3):542-549. |
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| Authors: | WANG Wen HU Tinghua LIU Huijin ZHAO Yijun XU Zhen MAO Wenya |
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| Institution: | (Yunnan Sheep Breeding Promotion Center,Kunming 655204,Yunnan,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/West Gansu Province Grass Industry Technology Innovation Center/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Xingyi ZhongBen Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co.,Ltd.,Xingyi 562407,Guizhou,China) |
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| Abstract: | Grass/Trifolium repens grassland is one of the main grazing and mowing pastures in the karst areas of southern China.To clarify the influence of vegetation composition and community stability of grass/T.repens grasslands grazed by different livestock grazing,which will reveal its vegetation succession characteristics to a certain extent.The plant community characteristics,species diversity,biomass composition and community stability of grass/T.repens grasslands under cattle and sheep grazing were quantitatively analyzed in this study.The results showed that:1)the biomass of dead matter and the number of plant species on the grasslands were GC>GS,while the species Simpson index was GS>GC.2)the aboveground biomass components of the lawn grasses(Lolium perenne,Dactylis glomerata and native grasses),native dicotyledon(Verbenaceae,Plantaginaceae,Oxalidaceae and Cruciferae)and medium palatability herbages were GC>GS;while the seeding white clover composition was GS>GC.In addition,the aboveground biomass dominated by grasses(77.20%)for GC and by grasses(51.79%)and leguminous(28.02%)for GS.3)the content of K in the grassland soil was GC>GS.4)the species Raunkiaer frquency histogram of GC was inversely J-type,and community succession value was GS(45.45)>GC(37.08).The research shows that the community of GC is relatively stable,while GS is in a higher stages of succession,and for the maintaining of community stability and species diversity of grass/T.repens grasslands,cattle’s grazing is more benefited than the sheep.Therefore,mixed grazing or rotation grazing of cattle and sheep can be implemented to improve the stability and productivity of grass/white clover grasslands. |
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| Keywords: | grass/Trifolium repens grasslands community structure biomass composition soil nutrients grassland stability |
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