Speciation and mobilization of aluminium and cadmium in podzols and cambisols of S. Sweden |
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| Authors: | Dan Berggren |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Ecology, Soil Ecology Group, University of Lund, ?. Vallgatan 14, S-223 61, Lund, Sweden
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| Abstract: | Processes governing the mobilization of Al and Cd in podzols and cambisols of S. Sweden having different tree layer vegetation (Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, or Betula pendula) were investigated. Speciation of Al and Cd in soil solutions were performed by a column cation exchange procedure (cf. Driscoll, 1984) in combination with thermodynamic calculations. Podzols in spruce and beech stands were characterized by a high release of organic compounds from the O/Ah horizons, resulting in a high organic complexation of Al (c. 93%) in the soil solution from the E horizon (15 cm lysimeters). Organic complexes were mainly adsorbed/precipitated in the upper Bh horizon and the overall transport of Al at 50 cm depth was governed by a pH dependent dissolution of a solid-phase Al pool. In the cambisols, inorganic Al forms were predominant at both 15 and 50 cm depth, and Al solubility was closely related to solution pH. Secondary minerals like synthetic gibbsite, jurbanite, kaolinite or imogolite could generally not explain measured solution Al3+ activities. Results instead indicated that the relatively large organically bound solid-phase Al pools present in both soil types could do so. The column fractionation procedure could be used only qualitatively for Cd, but results strongly indicated that Cd-organo complexes contributed significantly to the overall mobilization of Cd in the podzol E horizons. In all other soil solutions, Cd2+ was the predominant species. Both solid-phase and solution chemistry suggests that ion exchange processes controlled the Cd2+ activities in these solutions. All reactive solidphase Cd was extractable by NH4Cl and Cd2+ activities could in most cases effectively be modeled by the use of ion exchange equations. Solubilized Al3+ efficiently competed for exchange sites and played an important role for the Cd mobilization in these soils. |
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