Primary alimentary lymphoma with metastasis to the liver causing encephalopathy in a horse |
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| Authors: | Schnabel Lauren V Njaa Bradley L Gold Jenifer R Meseck Emily K |
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| Institution: | Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. lvs3@cornell.edu |
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| Abstract: | A 23‐year‐old, 467‐kg Palomino mare was examined for evaluation of sudden onset severe ataxia and depression. The mare had been found down in a pasture and was unable to rise. She was observed, by her owner, to be normal 24 hours earlier. This mare had resided with this owner for approximately 1.5 years, had always lived out on pasture, and had experienced numerous episodes of colic since the time she was purchased. Recent reported feed changes included introduction of new hay. Upon arrival at the hospital, the mare was severely ataxic in all 4 limbs and extremely disoriented. She head‐pressed several times during the course of the evaluation and yawned repeatedly. The mare was tachycardic, with a heart rate of 98 beats per minute, and tachypneic, with a respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute, and the mucous membranes were hyperemic and purple, with a capillary refill time of greater than 3 seconds. The mare was blind bilaterally, as indicated by absence of both menace and pupillary light responses. She had bilateral facial nerve paralysis and decreased hypoglossal nerve function. She was able to prehend, but was dysphagic with decreased tongue tone and movement. Analysis of the venous blood revealed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis with a normal pH of 7.38 (reference range 7.32–7.44), HCO3 of 13 mEq/L (reference range 25–30 mEq/L), PCO2 of 21.2 mmHg (reference range 36–46 mmHg), and BE of ‐12 mEq/L (reference range ‐1‐1 mEq/L).a It also revealed a low blood urea nitrogen concentration of 8 mg/dL (reference range 11–27 mg/dL) and a high blood glucose concentration of 263 mg/dL (reference range 63–134 mg/dL).a Both packed cell volume and total solids were high at 52% (reference range 32–53%), and 8 g/dL (reference range 5.8–7.7 g/dL), respectively. The blood ammonia concentration was 120 μmol/L (reference range 18–78 μmol/L)b. |
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