Nitrate and Phosphate Leaching under Turfgrass Fertilized with a Squid-based Organic Fertilizer |
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| Authors: | Joseph C Fetter Rebecca N Brown Josef H Görres Chong Lee José A Amador |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;(2) Department of Plant and Soil Science, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;(3) Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;(4) Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Microbiology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA |
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| Abstract: | Consumer demand for cleaned squid generates a substantial amount of waste that must be properly disposed of, creating an economic
burden on processors. A potential solution to this problem involves converting squid by-products into an organic fertilizer,
for which there is growing demand. Because fertilizer application to lawns can increase the risk of nutrient contamination
of groundwater, we quantified leaching of NO3–N and PO4–P from perennial ryegrass turf (Lolium perenne L.) amended with two types of fertilizer: squid-based (SQ) and synthetic (SY). Field plots were established on an Enfield
silt loam, and liquid (L) and granular (G) fertilizer formulations of squid and synthetic fertilizers were applied at 0, 48,
146, and 292 kg N ha−1 year−1. Levels of NO3–N and PO4–P in soil pore water from a depth of 60 cm were determined periodically during the growing season in 2008 and 2009. Pore
water NO3–N levels were not significantly different among fertilizer type or formulation within an application rate throughout the
course of the study. The concentration of NO3–N remained below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg L−1 until midSeptember 2009, when values above the MCL were observed for SQG at all application rates, and for SYL at the high
application rate. Annual mass losses of NO3–N were below the estimated inputs (10 kg N ha−1 year−1) from atmospheric deposition except for the SQG and SYL treatments applied at 292 kg N ha−1 year−1, which had losses of 13.2 and 14.9 kg N ha−1 year−1, respectively. Pore water PO4–P levels ranged from 0 to 1.5 mg P L−1 and were not significantly different among fertilizer type or formulation within an application rate. Our results indicate
that N and P losses from turf amended with squid-based fertilizer do not differ from those amended with synthetic fertilizers
or unfertilized turf. Although organic in nature, squid-based fertilizer does not appear to be more—or less—environmentally
benign than synthetic fertilizers. |
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