| 环渤海湾和黄土高原‘富士’苹果园土壤养分与果实矿质元素关系的多变量分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 张强,李民吉,周贝贝,李兴亮,张军科,魏钦平.环渤海湾和黄土高原‘富士’苹果园土壤养分与果实矿质元素关系的多变量分析[J].园艺学报,2017,44(8):1439-1449. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张强 李民吉 周贝贝 李兴亮 张军科 魏钦平 |
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| 作者单位： | （北京市林业果树科学研究院，农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室，北京 100093） |
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| 基金项目： | 林业公益性行业科研专项(201404720)，国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD16B02-3)，北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20150403) |
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| 摘 要： | 探讨中国环渤海湾和黄土高原两大苹果产区土壤养分对‘富士’苹果果实矿质元素含量的影响及相互关系,为两大苹果产区提高果实矿质元素含量的果园合理施肥等提供理论依据。2010—2011年分别在中国环渤海湾和黄土高原两大苹果产区各选择22个县,每县3个果园,共计132个乔砧‘富士’苹果园,对每个果园的土壤养分和果实矿质元素含量进行调查和分析,比较两大产区土壤养分、果实矿质元素含量的差异,应用偏最小二乘回归方法筛选不同产区影响果实矿质元素含量的主要土壤养分因子,线性规划求解优质果实矿质营养丰富的土壤养分含量优化方案。结果表明:环渤海湾产区的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、钙、铁和锌含量极显著高于黄土高原产区,而土壤pH和有效钾含量显著低于黄土高原产区;环渤海湾产区‘富士’果实氮、磷含量显著高于黄土高原区,而钙、铁和锌含量则显著低于黄土高原产区。黄土高原产区土壤有效铁、环渤海湾产区土壤有效硼含量分别与果实中的铁、硼呈显著和极显著相关。环渤海湾产区影响果实钙含量的主要土壤养分因子的大小顺序为土壤有机质、全氮、有效锌、有效硼、有效铁和有效钾,土壤有效锌对果实钙有最大的正效应系数,而土壤有效硼和全氮负效应系数较大;黄土高原产区对果实钙含量影响的主要土壤养分因子的大小顺序为土壤有效磷、有效锌、有机质、有效铁和有效钾,土壤有效锌、铁对果实钙含量有较大的正效应系数。线性规划求解出两大苹果产区果实矿质元素含量丰富的土壤养分优化方案。环渤海湾苹果产区增加果实钙含量的主要土壤养分管理措施为降低土壤全氮、碱解氮含量,提高土壤有效钾、铁、锌含量,维持较高的土壤有机质含量(17.7 g·kg~(-1)以上);黄土高原产区则为提高土壤有机质、有效锌含量,降低土壤全氮、碱解氮含量,保持适宜的土壤有效磷、钾含量。
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| 关 键 词： | 苹果 土壤养分 果实矿质元素 偏最小二乘回归 优化方案 |
Multivariate Analysis of Relationship Between Soil Nutrient and Fruit Mineral Elements of ‘Fuji’ Apple Orchards in Circum-Bohai and Loess Plateau Producing Regions of China |
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| ZHANG Qiang,LI Minji,ZHOU Beibei,LI Xingliang,ZHANG Junke,WEI Qinping.Multivariate Analysis of Relationship Between Soil Nutrient and Fruit Mineral Elements of ‘Fuji’ Apple Orchards in Circum-Bohai and Loess Plateau Producing Regions of China[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2017,44(8):1439-1449. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Qiang LI Minji ZHOU Beibei LI Xingliang ZHANG Junke WEI Qinping |
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| Institution: | （Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences，Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops（North China），Ministry of Agriculture，Beijing 100093，China） |
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| Abstract: | Objective of the experiment is to probe into influence and interrelation of soil nutrient contents on fruit mineral elements of ‘Fuji’ apple,and to provide respectively theoretical basis in reasonable orchard soil fertilizer application for improving content of mineral elements in Circum-Bohai and Loess Plateau apple production regions in China.The contents of soil nutrient and fruit mineral elements were respectively analyzed at 66 commercial apple orchards with standard rootstock of 22 counties(each county 3 orchards) in Circum-Bohai and Loess Plateau apple production regions from 2011 to 2012.Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) was used to screen major soil nutrient factors affecting fruit mineral elements,and to establish regression equation of relationship between fruit mineral elements and major soil nutrition factors.Linear programming was used to obtain optimum proposals of soil nutrient elements for higher fruit mineral elements.The results showed that alkaline hydrolytic N,available P,Ca,Fe and Zn of soil in Circum-Bohai region were significantly higher than in Loess Plateau apple production region,while pH and available K were significantly lower than those.The contents of ‘Fuji’ fruit N and P in Circum-Bohai region were significantly higher than those of Loess Plateau region,while Ca,Fe and Zn were significantly lower than those.Soil available Fe in Loess Plateau region,soil available B in Circum-Bohai region were significantly correlated with fruit Fe and B respectively.The Ca content of fruit in Circum-Bohai region were mainly affected by soil organic matter,total N,available Zn,B,Fe and K,and soil available Zn had the biggest positive effect coefficient,while available B and total N had greater negative effect coefficient on fruit Ca.While fruit Ca content in Loess Plateau were mainly affected by soil available P,Zn,organic matter,available Fe and K,and soil available Zn and Fe had greater positive effect coefficient on fruit Ca.Linear programming was used to obtain optimum proposals of soil nutrients for higher fruit mineral elements in two apple producing regions.The key soil nutrient management measures which improving fruit Ca content in Circum-Bohai apple region are the reduction of soil total N and alkaline hydrolytic N,increased available K,Fe and Zn,stable higher soil organic matter content (more than 17.7 g· kg-1),while in Loess Plateau apple production region are the increased soil organic matter and available Zn,reduction of soil total N and Alkaline hydrolytic N,appropriate available P and K. |
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| Keywords: | apple soil nutrition fruit mineral element PLSR optimum proposal |
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