| 基于边缘检测算法的坡面薄层水流深度测量系统研制 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱昱,罗泉达,田野,赖剑锋,蒋芳市,张越,葛宏力,黄炎和,林金石.基于边缘检测算法的坡面薄层水流深度测量系统研制[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(2):157-165. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱昱 罗泉达 田野 赖剑锋 蒋芳市 张越 葛宏力 黄炎和 林金石 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 福建农林大学,福州 350002;;2. 福建省农业生态环境与能源技术推广总站,福州 350001 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41977071） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了准确高效地测定坡面薄层水流断面位置上的水深,该研究利用"一"字线激光器、高分辨率工业摄像机获取激光线边缘像素点坐标数据,基于Python语言与OpenCV计算机视觉库进行边缘检测算法编程,通过分析、计算薄层水流表面激光线偏移量与水深间的函数关系,构建坡面薄层水流深度测量系统,并利用人工测量方法（测针法与染色法）对该系统测定结果的精确性与稳定性进行验证。结果表明,坡面薄层水流深度测量系统对标准水深进行标定的变异系数均值为6.64%,具有较高的稳定性;在光滑床面上的测定结果与人工测量方法相比,相对均方差误差、平均相对误差与平均绝对误差均不超过0.2,水深测量系统与测针法、染色法对比所得纳什效率系数分别达到了0.922与0.972,说明水深测量系统与人工测量方法具有较好的一致性与相关性,能够满足定床测量坡面薄层水流深度的需求,在坡面水动力学研究中具有较好的应用前景。
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| 关 键 词： | 测量 边缘检测 坡面流 水深 测针法 染色法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/11/23 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/1/7 0:00:00 |
Development of the depth measurement system for shallow flow on slopes using an edge-detection algorithm |
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| Zhu Yu,Luo Quand,Tian Ye,Lai Jianfeng,Jiang Fangshi,Zhang Yue,Ge Hongli,Huang Yanhe,Lin Jinshi.Development of the depth measurement system for shallow flow on slopes using an edge-detection algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(2):157-165. |
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| Authors: | Zhu Yu Luo Quand Tian Ye Lai Jianfeng Jiang Fangshi Zhang Yue Ge Hongli Huang Yanhe Lin Jinshi |
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| Institution: | 1. Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002;;2. Fujian Agricultural Ecological Environment and Energy Technology Extension master Station, Fuzhou, 350001 |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Shallow flow on slopes has been one of the most important driving forces during soil erosion. The simulation of soil erosion can be required to clarify the hydrodynamic conditions and mechanisms in the complex process of water flow and soil. Among them, the water flow depth can be used to calculate the key hydrodynamic parameters for the slope surface flow, such as the water flow power, water flow shear force, and slope surface flow velocity. Therefore, it is very necessary to accurately measure the water depth in the shallow flow on the slopes. However, the slope flow varies greatly in the general open channel, due to a low flow depth, the very complex motion, and hydraulic characteristics. These characteristics make it very difficult to measure the depth of the shallow flow on slopes. In this study, a new depth measurement system was constructed to accurately and efficiently determine the water depth at the position of the shallow flow section on the slope. The horizontal line laser and a high-resolution industrial camera were utilized to capture the pixel coordinate data of the edge of the laser line. An edge detection programming was designed using Python language and OpenCV computer vision library. The functional relationship was then calculated between the offset of the laser line on the surface of the shallow flow and the water depth. The accuracy and stability of the measurement system were verified by the manual measurement, including the probe- and dyeing-based detection. The results show that: 1) The coefficient of variation was only (6.64±1.40)% for the standard water depth measured by this system, indicating higher stability than before. Furthermore, the water depth decreased with the increase of the slope, whereas, that increased with the increase of unit discharge, indicating an excellent consistency and correlation during manual and system measurement. Specifically, the dyeing-based detection presented a closer water depth to the measurement system. Nevertheless, there was a large deviation between the system and manual measurement on the water depth under the unit discharge of 0.333 L/(m·s). The probe-based detection presented an outstandingly larger error than those obtained by the other two methods, where the unit discharge posed a great influence on the measurement accuracy of the probe, whereas, the error of dyeing-based detection mainly came from human observation. Taking the manual measurement as the reference, the Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), Mean Relative Error (MRE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) were all below 0.2, whereas, the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) reached 0.922 and 0.972, respectively, indicating an excellent consistency and correlation between the water depth system and manual measurement. Consequently, the water depth measurement system can fully meet the high demand to accurately measure the depth of the shallow flow on slopes on a fixed bed, indicating a promising potential to the slope hydrodynamics. 2) The standard deviation was within a reasonable range in the water depth measurement system at the low fluctuation degree of the water flow. Once the standard deviation in the water depth measurement system was more than the manual, the flow area to which it belongs can be a rolling wave flow area, indicating a higher accuracy of the system. More importantly, the water depth of the entire shallow flow section can also be collected frame by frame, further to respond and record the violent fluctuations and dynamic changes of the waveform generated by the water surface. |
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| Keywords: | measurements edge detection overland flow water depth probe method dyeing method |
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