Prediction of Kernel and Bulk Volume of Wheat and Canola during Adsorption and Desorption |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China;2. Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA;3. Institute of Hepatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China;4. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA;1. Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder, Grimstad, and Tel-Tek, Porsgrunn, Norway;2. School of Material & Mineral Resources, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, China;3. Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JY, Scotland, UK;1. IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km 2, E-08348, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain;2. IRTA, Finca Camps i Armet, E-17121, Monells, Girona, Spain;1. Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;2. Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;3. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo State, Mexico;4. Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt;5. Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;1. Morden Research and Developmental Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, c/o Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;2. Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Information don the shrinkage of grain both in bulk and as individual kernels is important in postharvest processing of these materials. The mass and volume of samples of wheat and canola seeds exposed either to humid or dry air were measured during adsorption or desorption cycles. When the grains were exposed to 90% r.h. at 40°C, the bulk density of wheat decreased almost linearly from 790 to 686 kg/m3as the kernel moisture content increased from 8% to 22% w.b. The bulk density of canola descreased by 11 kg/m3, from 672 to 661 kg/m3as the kernel moisture content increased from 5% to 19% w.b. The laws of mixtures were used to develop the following equations to predict grain kernel (vk)and grain bulk volume (vb)respectively as functions of moisture adsorption or desorption:vk/vk0=1-M0/1+(γ-1)M0] 1+(γ-1)M/1-M]andvb/vb0={1-(M0-M)]1+(γ-1)M]/1+(γ-1)M0]} (1-ϵ0)/(1-ϵ)wherevkandvk0are the kernel volumes,vbandvb0are the bulk porosities at the kernel moisture contents ofMandM0respectively;γis the dry kernel density and is assumed to be a constant for each grain. Compared with experimental data, the kernel volumes of both wheat and canola, adequately predicted by the first equation. The second equation gave an adequate prediction of the bulk volume of canola by assumingϵ= ϵ0,but not for wheat unlessϵwas expressed as a polynomial function of kernel moisture content. |
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