Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Extracts, Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid on the Growth of Various Human Cancer Cell Lines |
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| Authors: | Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas Canan Sevimli Erdal Bedir Fazilet Vardar-Sukan |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;(2) Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | The leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis harvested from three different locations of Turkey were extracted by both methanolic and supercritical CO2 extraction. Subsequently, six extracts and the active compounds, carnosic acid, and rosmarinic acid were applied to various
human cancer cell lines including NCI-H82 (human, small cell lung, carcinoma), DU-145 (human, prostate, carcinoma), Hep-3B
(human, black, liver, carcinoma, hepatocellular), K-562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia), MCF-7 (human, breast, adenocarcinoma),
PC-3 (human, prostate, adenocarcinoma) and MDA-MB-231 (human, breast, adenocarcinoma) by MTT assay. Supercritical CO2 extracts had superior antiproliferative effect compared to the soxhlet extracts. Although the extracts exhibited various
cytotoxic effects against different cell lines, comparatively low IC50 values ranging between 12.50 and 47.55 μg/ml were attained against K-562, being the most sensitive cell line. Moreover, carnosic
acid caused the lowest cell viability with values ranging from 13 to 30 % at a concentration of 19 μM after 48 h of treatments,
resulting in superior antiproliferative effect. Rosemary extract is a potential candidate to be included in the anti-cancer
diet with pre-determined doses avoiding toxicity. |
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