| 分子标记辅助选择在林木育种中的应用 |
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| 引用本文： | 邬荣领,尹佟明,黄敏仁,王明庥.分子标记辅助选择在林木育种中的应用[J].林业科学,2000,36(1):102-103. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邬荣领 尹佟明 黄敏仁 王明庥 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北卡罗莱纳州立大学统计系统计遗传组
2. 南京林业大学林木遗传和基因工程重点实验室,南京,210037 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金!（ 编号：39770628） |
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| 摘 要： | 历史上，数量遗传学被认为是指导林木育种的唯一有效工具，这有两个方面的原因：第一，在林木上具有重要经济价值的性状，如树干材积生长、木材纤维长度及适应性等，均是以数量方式遗传的性状，并且控制这些性状的每一个过程是假设受微效多基因所控制的；第二，林木具有很长的世代间隔，很高的遗传杂合性和很高的遗传负荷，这些特性限制了一些经典的遗传材料，如近交系，突变体及特异类型的产生。然而，传统的数量遗传学方法用于指导林木育种的实践并不是完美无缺的。林木个体高大，占地面积大，且大多栽植在非农用耕地上，这样的环境异质性在很大程度上影响性状遗传力的提高，有些林木树种人工杂交比较困难，很难获得足够大的家系，从而产生不平衡的交配设计。Ｎａｍｋｏｏｎｇ 和Ｒｏｂｅｒｄｓ（１９７６） 认为，不平衡的交配设计很难获得准确的遗传参数估计。到目前为止，大多数成功的林木育种方案往往都是基于对表型的简单选择。这种表型选择不能利用林木固有的非加性效应，以及对异质环境的反应潜能，因而育种效果是极为有限的。分子标记技术为现代数量遗传学的发展提供了新的方向。通过利用中性标记与影响数量性状的位点（ＱＴＬ） 之间的连锁关系，人们已经提出了一套统计方法用来鉴定重要的Ｑ
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| 关 键 词： | 分子标记 辅助选择 林木 育种 |
| 修稿时间： | 1999-02-01 |
THE APPLICATION OF MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION TO TREE BREEDING |
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| RONGLING WU,TONGMING YIN,MINREN HUANG,MINGXIU WANG.THE APPLICATION OF MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION TO TREE BREEDING[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2000,36(1):102-103. |
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| Authors: | RONGLING WU TONGMING YIN MINREN HUANG MINGXIU WANG |
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| Abstract: | Quantitative genetics has long been viewed as a mere tool for solving the problems of tree breeding. However, this view has been challenged by current development of molecular technologies. The development of molecular genetics applied to plant breeding includes two major steps. The first step is the identification of important genetic loci (quantitative trait loci or QTLs)that affect the expression of a quantitative trait using DNA polymorphism markers and the second is the incorporation of the QTLs of interest into commercial populations through genetic manipulation or marker assisted selection strategies. During the past several years, a number of genetic linkage maps based on DNA markers have been constructed in different forest tree species and many QTLs controlling growth, morphology, physiology, and wood properties have been identified. It now turns out to develop efficient breeding strategies for utilizing these QTLs detected to increase genetic gains in operational forestry. In this review, we discuss the fundamental principles of quantitative genetics applied to tree breeding, followed by the strategies for using molecular markers to improve quantitative traits. When a small number of QTLs are targeted, a backcrossing strategy is an efficient way to transfer target genes into recipient species or populations. This strategy can also efficiently remove those undesirable genes that are linked or unlinked with the target genes. The index selection strategy combining both phenotypic and molecular information can be very efficient for improving quantitative traits in which many QTLs are involved. The influences of the index selection strategy on breeding efficiency are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Breeding Forest tree Marker assisted selection (MAS) Quantitative trait locus (QTL) Quantitative genetics |
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