| 免耕稻田田面水磷素动态及其淋溶损失 |
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| 引用本文： | 通乐嘎,李成芳,杨金花,汪金平,曹凑贵,吴海亚,梅少华,梅金先,翟中兵.免耕稻田田面水磷素动态及其淋溶损失[J].农业环境保护,2010(3):527-533. |
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| 作者姓名： | 通乐嘎 李成芳 杨金花 汪金平 曹凑贵 吴海亚 梅少华 梅金先 翟中兵 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]农业部华中作物栽培与生理生态重点开放实验室,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [3]河套大学农牧与生化工程学院,内蒙古临河015000 [4]湖北省武穴市农业局,湖北黄冈435404 [5]武穴市大法寺镇农业技术推广服务中心,湖北黄冈435404 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重大科技专项资助项目（2007BA520A02）; 湖北省农业创新岗位项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 以免耕和翻耕稻田为研究对象,通过大田试验与室内分析,研究了不同耕作方式下稻田田面水和渗漏水的淋溶损失及其对环境的影响。试验共设4个处理,分别是免耕＋不施肥（NT0）、翻耕＋不施肥（CT0）、免耕＋复合肥（NTC）和翻耕＋复合肥（CTC）。结果表明,施磷肥显著提高稻田田面水以及渗漏水各形态磷浓度。施磷肥2d后田面水总磷（TP）浓度、颗粒态磷（PP）浓度和溶解磷（DP）浓度即达到最大值,此后由于水中颗粒或表土对田面水磷素的固定,磷素的淋失,水稻生长吸收及前期的稻田排水和灌水稀释,1周后迅速降低并趋于稳定;渗漏水TP浓度和溶解磷（RP）浓度在施磷肥2d后达到最大值,渗漏水TP浓度在施肥后一个半月达到最低值,而渗漏水RP浓度在施肥4d后就降低到最低值。处理NTC田面水TP、DP与PP显著高于处理CTC,而处理NT0与处理CT0之间无差异;与翻耕相比,免耕不影响渗漏水TP与RP浓度及磷下渗淋失。对田面水磷素及渗漏水磷素变化动态分析表明,施磷肥后的1周左右是控制磷素流失的关键时期。
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| 关 键 词： | 免耕 稻田 田面水 渗漏水 磷素 |
Floodwater Phosphorus Dynamics and Losses from No-tillage Rice Fields |
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| TONG Le-ga,LI Cheng-fang,YANG Jin-hua,WANG Jin-ping,CAO Cou-gui,WU Hai-ya,MEI Shao-hua,MEI Jin-xian,ZHAI Zhong-bing.Floodwater Phosphorus Dynamics and Losses from No-tillage Rice Fields[J].Agro-Environmental Protection,2010(3):527-533. |
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| Authors: | TONG Le-ga LI Cheng-fang YANG Jin-hua WANG Jin-ping CAO Cou-gui WU Hai-ya MEI Shao-hua MEI Jin-xian ZHAI Zhong-bing |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Huazhong Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; 2.College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 3.Agriculture and Animal Husbandry and Biochemical Engineering Institute, Hetao University, Linhe 015000, China; 4.Bureau of Agriculture in Wuxue, Huanggang 435404, China; 5.Extend Service Center of Agricultural Technology, Dafashi Town in Wuxue, Huanggang 435404, China) |
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| Abstract: | Phosphorus（P）enhances eutrophication of fresh water bodies. This study was conducted to determine P dynamics of floodwater and percolation water, and to assess P losses through leaching and its environmental impact in different rice tillage fields during the rice growing season of 2008. The four treatments conducted in this study were no-tillage ＋ no fertilizer（NT0）, conventional tillage ＋ no fertilize（rCT0）; no-tillage ＋ compound fertilize（rNTC）and conventional tillage ＋ compound fertilizer（CTC）. The results showed that total P（TP）, dissolved P（DP）and particulate phosphorus（PP）concentrations in floodwater all peaked two days after P application. Afterward, they declined then reached to background levels two weeks after application of fertilizer P. Both TP and reactive P（RP）in percolation water also peaked two days after P application then decreased. TP in percolation water came to background values one and half months after P application but RP reached to background values just four days after P application. TP, PP and DP concentrations in floodwater in NTC all were significantly higher than those in CTC whereas no significant difference was observed between NT0 and CT0. Application of P fertilizer significantly enhanced TP, DP and PP concentrations of floodwater, and TP and RP concentrations of percolation water. Compared with conventional tillage,no-tillage did not affect RP, and TP concentrations and P losses through leaching. The analysis of P dynamics of floodwater and percolation water showed that it was the key time in one week after P application to control P losses. |
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| Keywords: | no-tillage paddy field floodwater percolation water phosphorus |
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