Influence of forest planning alternatives on landscape pattern and ecosystem processes in northern Wisconsin,USA |
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| Authors: | Patrick A Zollner L Jay Roberts Eric J Gustafson Hong S He Volker Radeloff |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States;2. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States;3. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, United States;4. Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States;5. Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States |
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| Abstract: | Incorporating an ecosystem management perspective into forest planning requires consideration of the impacts of timber management on a suite of landscape characteristics at broad spatial and long temporal scales. We used the LANDIS forest landscape simulation model to predict forest composition and landscape pattern under seven alternative forest management plans drafted for the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest in Wisconsin. We analyzed 20 response variables representing changes in landscape characteristics that relate to eight timber and wildlife management objectives. A MANOVA showed significant variation in the response variables among the alternative management plans. For most (16 out of 20) response variables, plans ranked either directly or inversely to the extent of even-aged management. The amount of hemlock on the landscape had a surprising positive relationship with even-aged management because hemlock is never cut, even in a clear cut. Our results also show that multiple management objectives can create conflicts related to the amount and arrangement of management activities. For example, American marten and ruffed grouse habitat are maintained by mutually exclusive activities. Our approach demonstrates a way to evaluate alternative management plans and assess if they are likely to meet their stated, multiple objectives. |
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| Keywords: | American marten Ecosystem properties Even-aged management Forest planning Kirtland's warbler Landscape pattern LANDIS Ruffed grouse Simulation model |
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