| 玉米留高茬切割器的设计及留茬效果试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 王刚,贾洪雷,赵佳乐,李常营,王玉,郭慧.玉米留高茬切割器的设计及留茬效果试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(23):43-49. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王刚 贾洪雷 赵佳乐 李常营 王玉 郭慧 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春,130025
2. 吉林大学生物与农业工程学院，长春130025; 吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室，长春130025 |
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| 基金项目： | 十二五国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2014BAD06B03）；吉林省科技发展计划资助项目（20116026）；国家留学基金管理委员会资助项目（201406170102）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了配合玉米留高茬行间互作的保护性耕作模式,该文从现有的两行卧辊式玉米收获机出发,研制与其配合的、适合留高茬(且留茬高度可调)保护性耕作模式的秸秆切割器,并进行了秸秆切断率、刀盘离地高度与玉米秸秆留茬高度平均值的分析试验。试验结果表明:随着刀盘离地高度的增加,秸秆的切断率上升,其切断率的平均值从90.16%增加到95.43%;在0~15°的范围内,随着刀盘与地面之间夹角的增加,秸秆切断率上升,其切断率的平均值从90.17%增加到95.42%;在刀盘与地面之间夹角一定的情况下,秸秆留茬高度平均值随刀盘离地高度的升高而升高,秸秆留茬高度平均从307增加到363 mm,并且越来越接近刀盘离地高度值。在刀盘离地高度一定的情况下,秸秆留茬高度平均值随刀盘与地面之间夹角的增大而增大,其留茬高度的平均值从329增加到341 mm,并且越来越高于刀盘的实际离地高度。该文设计的适用于卧辊式玉米收获机的切割器能够满足留高茬保护性耕作模式的需要;对于东北地区玉米留高茬保护性耕作模式的推广具有示范和带动作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 收获机 切割设备 秸秆 保护性耕作 留高茬 玉米收获机 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/5/26 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2014/11/15 0:00:00 |
Design of corn high-stubble cutter and experiments of stubble retaining effects |
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| Wang Gang,Jia Honglei,Zhao Jiale,Li Changying,Wang Yu and Guo Hui.Design of corn high-stubble cutter and experiments of stubble retaining effects[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(23):43-49. |
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| Authors: | Wang Gang Jia Honglei Zhao Jiale Li Changying Wang Yu and Guo Hui |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: In order to improve the productivity of land and protect the cultivated land environment in a ridge area of Northeast China, one mode of conservation tillage with high stubble for corn is currently emerging. This new conservation tillage aims to retain a certain height of stalk standing in the field, while using the other part of the stalk in other ways. The standing part of the stalk is sufficient to recover the field's fertility and also helps to avoid environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the other part of the stalk can feed livestock during the winter or be used as fuel in rural areas. One can see that this method has many advantages. Unfortunately, the existing corn harvesters can't realize this mode of conservation tillage. In order to mass-produce this mode of high-stubble conservation tillage, harvesters which can automatically retain high stubble are developed.Horizontal corn harvesters have some advantages, such as low grain breakage rate and impurity, and this practice is used widely all over the world. Adding the cutter to an existing two-row corn harvester is the main designing idea of this paper. Additionally, since different corn varieties and complex working conditions have different requirements, cutting height and cutting angle should be adjustable. Finally, the results of two experiments are presented. The first experiment was to vary the cutter head's height and the cutter angle, while measuring the cutting ratio (defined as the ratio between cut stalks to total stalks, expressed as a percentage). The second experiment tested the relationship between the stubble height (output parameter) and the cutter head's height above the ground (input variable) as well as the cutter angle (input variable). Some relations among cutter head's height, cutter angle, cutting ratio and resulting stubble height were presented; and these relations can be used to adjust cutter head's height to create a desired stubble height.We came to the conclusion that with the increasing of cutter head's height, cutting rate increases, and the cutting ratio's mean value increases from 90.16% to 95.43%. In the range of 0 to 15° of cutting angle, with the increasing of the angle between the cutter head and the ground, the cutting ratio's mean value increases from 90.17% to 95.42%. While varying the cutter head's height, the mean value of stubble height increases from 307 to 363 mm, it is to say that the average stubble height increases along with the elevation of cutter head's height. Similarly, while varying the angle between the cutter head and the ground, the mean value of stubble height increases from 329 to 341 mm. Broadly speaking, the average stubble height increases along with the increase of the angle between the cutter head and the ground. In conclusion, the cutter designed in this paper can help to realize the high-stubble conservation tillage in conjunction with existing horizontal corn harvesters, which has profound influence on promoting the high-stubble conservation tillage in ridge areas of Northeast China. |
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| Keywords: | harvesters cutting equipment straw conservation tillage high stubble corn harvester |
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