| 捕捞网具逃逸死亡研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘尊雷,程家骅,袁兴伟.捕捞网具逃逸死亡研究进展[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(3). |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘尊雷 程家骅 袁兴伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海,200090;国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州,310012
2. 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海,200090 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部社会公益研究项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 幼鱼及非目标种类兼捕已成为许多网具作业共同存在的问题,提高网具选择性能是降低这种兼捕的重要途径。但是选择性能研究主要是基于从网具中逃逸后的鱼类较轻遭受到网具损害并最终存活。如果逃逸死亡率较高,即使选择性提高也是无宜的,因此应当将鱼类逃逸后生存能力作为网具改进效果的评价指标。本文主要由以下三个部分组成:(1)逃逸后死亡的主要影响因素概述,主要包括网具特征、作业时间、作业深度、渔获种类及体长、渔获量及环境因子等;(2)逃逸死亡对资源量和渔业管理决策的影响;(3)总结了近年来通过网具革新措施提高存活率的最新研究概况,如逃逸网片、分离栅及新型材料的应用等。综合分析,认为采取保护幼鱼和非目标种类的一系列措施尽管能够提高鱼类从网具的逃逸几率,但是并不能降低遭遇网具的概率,实施禁渔区、禁渔期制度管理,避免在幼鱼资源高密度区和产卵季节作业是降低这种未报告死亡的最重要的途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 拖网渔具 逃逸死亡 影响因素 网具改造 |
On the research progress relating to the escape mortality of fishing |
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| LIU Zun-lei,CHENG Jia-hua,YUAN Xing-wei.On the research progress relating to the escape mortality of fishing[J].Marine Fisheries,2008,30(3). |
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| Authors: | LIU Zun-lei CHENG Jia-hua YUAN Xing-wei |
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| Abstract: | By-catches of young or undersized fish and unwanted species have been being the obvious problems in many fisheries,and much efforts have been put into improving the selectivity of fishing.Improving the selective characteristics of fishing gear was based on the assumption that fish escaping was not seriously damaged and able to make a complete recovery.However,in many cases,escape occured only after the fish have been subjected to a wide variety of capture stressors and possible damage due to contact with other fish or the gear itself.If fish escape and die as a direct result of stress and injuries or indirectly due to disease and predation associated with gear damage,then increasing the opportunity for escape by improving selectivity may result in an increased level of unaccounted fishing mortality.This paper consists of three parts:(1)Summarized the primary factors affected the survival of escape,including fishing gear characteristics,fishing time,fishing depth,fish species and size,volume and composition of the catch,and environmental conditions;(2)Estimated the magnitude of escape mortality and its impact on fisheries management;(3) Reviewed on recent research status of improvement relating to escape survival by gear modifications such as escape panels,grid and by-catch reduction device and application of new material.It came to the conclusion that measures to protect immatured fish and non-target species have need to be designed to increase the opportunities of the fish escaped from fishing gears,rather than preventing or reducing their chance of encountering the fishing gear.Active avoidance of areas with high densities when juveniles bloom is an alternative approach to reducing unaccounted mortality. |
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| Keywords: | Trawl gear escape mortality stress factor gear modification |
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