| 警惕沙漠蝗种群持续增加和入侵我国边境地区的风险 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵紫华,涂雄兵,张泽华,李志红.警惕沙漠蝗种群持续增加和入侵我国边境地区的风险[J].植物保护学报,2021,48(1):5-12. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵紫华 涂雄兵 张泽华 李志红 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系, 北京 100193;中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 宁夏全产业链创新示范项目（NKYZ-16-1003） |
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| 摘 要： | 沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria是非洲大陆重要的成灾性害虫,寄主广泛,对非洲农业生产和生态安全都有严重威胁。1900年以来,沙漠蝗种群有多次暴发的历史记载,甚至经过阿拉伯半岛扩散至亚洲西南部、中东以及欧洲南部,是全世界为害最严重的害虫之一。沙漠蝗种群具有极强的迁移性、多食性、聚集性以及密度依赖性,开阔的裸露区和低盖度的寄主能够导致沙漠蝗种群的暴发,降雨能够提高沙漠蝗卵的孵化率。沙漠蝗入侵我国的可能通道主要有3条,第1条是经印度、孟加拉、缅甸进入我国云南省边境区域,第2条是跨越印度经尼泊尔沿青藏高原边缘进入我国藏南边境地区,第3条是经印度或巴基斯坦沿着我国西藏自治区西部或新疆维吾尔自治区西部进入边境区域。沙漠蝗入侵我国后存在种群暴发风险,其温度适应性、食物适应性、强迁飞能力可能会引起局部成灾。2019—2020年沙漠蝗在非洲之角再次大规模发生,并在巴基斯坦和印度成灾,严重威胁着我国的边境生态安全,提前对沙漠蝗进行预警对保障我国生态安全和农业生产具有重要意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 沙漠蝗 种群 扩散 入侵 成灾 风险 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/7/28 0:00:00 |
The alert of population expansion of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria and its risk to enter China |
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| Zhao Zihu,Tu Xiongbing,Zhang Zehu,Li Zhihong.The alert of population expansion of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria and its risk to enter China[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2021,48(1):5-12. |
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| Authors: | Zhao Zihu Tu Xiongbing Zhang Zehu Li Zhihong |
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| Institution: | Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, is one of the most important pests in Africa. Schistocerca gregaria has a wide range of host plants, which threaten agricultural production and ecological safety. Since 1900, S. gregaria has broken out many times in history, which even invaded in Southwest Asia, the Middle East, and South Europe as a worldwide pest. S. gregaria is characterized by migration, polyphagy, gregariousness, and density dependence. The open bare land and low coverage of host plants could cause population outbreak of S. gregaria. The rainfall could improve the hatching rate of S. gregaria. There are three entering paths to China for S. gregaria on the border between southwestern China (Yunnan and Xizhang) and West China (Xinjiang). Additionally, S. gregaria can occur sporadically once it enters China. There are no overwintering habitats for S. gregaria in most provinces of China, but its high adaptability may cause a local occurrence. The climate in Hainan is suitable to population growth of S. gregaria. In 2020, S. gregaria had a wide outbreak in Africa, which has spread to Pakistan and India recently. The early warning of S. gregaria would guarantee ecological safety and agricultural production in China. |
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| Keywords: | desert locust population spread invasion outbreak risk |
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