| 基于切割压力的甘蔗收割机刀盘高度自动调节装置 |
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| 引用本文： | 白秋薇,简真,吴永烽,赵世卿,李光林.基于切割压力的甘蔗收割机刀盘高度自动调节装置[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(3):19-26. |
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| 作者姓名： | 白秋薇 简真 吴永烽 赵世卿 李光林 |
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| 作者单位： | 西南大学工程技术学院，重庆 400715 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0701203-3） |
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| 摘 要： | 甘蔗收割机在丘陵山地收割过程中,切割刀盘无法随蔗垄高度变化自动调节是甘蔗宿根破损和甘蔗浪费的主要原因。针对此问题,研制了切割刀盘液压马达压力数据采集装置和刀盘切割高度随垄高变化自动调节装置。将切割液压马达压力数据采集装置安装在4GZQ-260型甘蔗收割机上,采集甘蔗机收过程中切割液压马达压力数据,测量表明,当甘蔗种植密度和物理特性、土壤物理性质、甘蔗收割机刀盘转速及前行速度一定时,收割机刀盘入土和不入土切割甘蔗液压压力有较大差异,由此设计了一种基于切割系统液压压力的刀盘切深自动调节装置,并进行模拟试验研究了当甘蔗地垄高度变化时该系统刀盘入土切割深度的自动控制情况。试验表明,在土壤物理性质、甘蔗种植密度和物理特性相同时,当切割刀盘前进速度为0.25 m/s、转速700 r/min时,入土切割与设计深度的最大误差为0.7 cm;当切割刀盘前进速度为0.4 m/s、转速700 r/min时,入土切割与设计深度最大误差为0.8 cm。该装置实现了刀盘入土切割深度随蔗垄高度变化自动调节,且入土切割保持在设计深度内,符合甘蔗收获机械国家标准中关于甘蔗割茬高度的相关规定,达到设计要求。该研究可为丘陵山地甘蔗收割机刀盘切割高度自动控制调节提供技术参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 高度 甘蔗收割机 自动调节 液压马达压力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/6/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/12/25 0:00:00 |
Automatic height-adjustment for a cutter disk on a sugarcane harvester using cutting pressure |
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| Bai Qiuwei,Jian Zhen,Wu Yongfeng,Zhao Shiqing,Li Guanglin.Automatic height-adjustment for a cutter disk on a sugarcane harvester using cutting pressure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2021,37(3):19-26. |
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| Authors: | Bai Qiuwei Jian Zhen Wu Yongfeng Zhao Shiqing Li Guanglin |
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| Institution: | College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China |
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| Abstract: | A sugarcane harvester is commonly used for mechanized harvesting in the hilly and mountainous areas. However, the cutter disk of the sugarcane harvester cannot automatically adjust with the fluctuation of ridge height, leading mainly to the sugarcane ratoon damage and wastes during the harvesting process. In this study, a data acquisition device was proposed for the cutting pressure of a hydraulic motor in a cutter disk, and then a simulation device was developed for adjusting the cutting height of the cutter disk with the ridge height. The data collection device for the cutting hydraulic motor was installed on the 4GZQ-260 sugarcane harvester. The hydraulic pressure of a cutter disk motor was collected, when the sugarcane was harvested at the planting site in Mingjiang Town, Ningming County, Guangxi, China. The results showed that the hydraulic pressure for the cutter disk of the harvester greatly varied, when cutting sugarcane into the soil and not into the soil, where the planting density and physical characteristics of sugarcane were fixed. A set of automatic control and adjustment device was designed for the height of the cutter disk, with the aid of hydraulic pressure in the cutting system. The device was mainly composed of a cutter disk lifting system, a cutter disk and a hydraulic motor, a data acquisition system of hydraulic pressure and speed. The hydraulic pressure sensor was used to detect the pressure of the hydraulic motor during cutting the sugarcane. The cutter disk lifting system was used to realize the lifting and lowering of the cutter disk according to the pressure value. The pressure of the hydraulic motor was measured, when the cutter disk was no-load, no soil cutting, and cutting into the soil depth of 3cm, and 5cm. The pressure varied greatly when cutting in different depths. The critical pressures were obtained under three conditions, thereby formulating the lifting rules of the cutter disk. A field test was carried out to verify the automatic regulation and control the cutting depth of the cutter disk into the soil, where the benchmark cutting depth was set to be 3 cm, particularly when the height of the sugarcane ridge changed. The test results showed that when the cutter disk advanced at a speed of 0.25 m/s, the maximum error between the cutter disk entering the soil and the preset depth was 0.7 cm. When the cutter disk advanced at a speed of 0.4 m/s, the maximum error between the cutting depth of cutter disk and the preset depth was 0.8 cm, indicating the automatic adjustment of cutting depth according to the ridge height change of sugarcane. The provisions of sugarcane stubble can be less than 3 cm to meet the design requirements. This finding can provide a technical foundation for the automatic adjustment of cutting height for the cutter disk on the sugarcane harvester in the hilly and mountainous areas of China. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery altitude sugarcane harvester automatic regulation hydraulic pressure |
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