| 多级分离缓冲马铃薯收获机设计与试验 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 张兆国,王海翼,李彦彬,杨曦,IBRAHIM Iss,张振东.多级分离缓冲马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(2):96-109. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 张兆国 王海翼 李彦彬 杨曦 IBRAHIM Iss 张振东 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 昆明理工大学；云南省高校中药材机械化工程研究中心 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 云南省重大科技专项（2018ZC001-3） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 针对云南山地黏土条件下马铃薯机械化收获分离效果差、明薯率低、伤薯率和破皮率较高等问题,采用多级分离振动、多重缓冲和低位侧铺的方式,设计了一种多级分离缓冲马铃薯收获机。在阐述机具整体结构及工作原理的基础上,通过理论计算确定了挖掘装置、多级分离缓冲装置、主动振动装置等主要关键部件的结构参数;建立抛送分离阶段薯土运动模型,获取微波浪形薯土分离相关技术特征;建立马铃薯筛面滑动模型,对薯块的运动特性进行理论分析,得出薯块顺流、回流的运动规律;分析土块在输送分离过程中的碰撞特性,确定了影响分离破碎效果的因素。以含杂率和土壤覆盖度为试验指标,采用二次旋转正交组合试验设计方法进行了空载试验,并利用高速摄影和三轴姿态传感器实时获取分离筛上土壤的分布状态和运动规律,结果表明,分离筛最佳工作参数组合为:一级分离筛线速度1.42 m/s、二级分离筛线速度2.2 m/s、侧输出线速度1 m/s,此时土壤覆盖度69.11%,含杂率2.56%。在分离筛最佳工作参数组合下,以明薯率、破皮率和伤薯率为试验指标进行了田间收获试验,结果表明:当工作速度1.05 m/s、挖掘深度180 mm、振动强度Ⅱ级、筛面倾角22°时,明薯率为99.1%、破皮率为1.41%、伤薯率为1.32%,各项性能指标均符合国家行业标准要求。
|
| 关 键 词： | 马铃薯收获机 黏重板结土壤 低位侧铺 分离缓冲 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/8/24 0:00:00 |
Design and Experiment of Multi-stage Separation Buffer Potato Harvester |
| |
| ZHANG Zhaoguo,WANG Haiyi,LI Yanbin,YANG Xi,IBRAHIM Iss,ZHANG Zhendong.Design and Experiment of Multi-stage Separation Buffer Potato Harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(2):96-109. |
| |
| Authors: | ZHANG Zhaoguo WANG Haiyi LI Yanbin YANG Xi IBRAHIM Iss ZHANG Zhendong |
| |
| Institution: | (College of Agriculture and Food,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Research Center on Mechanization Engineering of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China) |
| |
| Abstract: | In order to solve the problems of poor separation effect,low potato-exposing rate,high damaged and bruising rate of potato mechanized harvesting under the clay in southwest mountainous area,a multi-stage separation buffer potato harvester was designed by adopting the methods of multi-stage separation vibration,multiple buffering and low-level side output.On the basis of expounding the overall structure of the machine,the design features of the main components and the operational principle,the structural parameters of the key components,such as the excavating mechanism,the multi-stage separation buffer device and the active vibration device,were determined through theoretical calculations.The motion model of potato and soil in throwing separation stage was established to obtain the technical characteristics of micro-wave potato soil separation.The potato sliding model of sieve surface and the theoretical analysis of potato tuber motion characteristics was carried out,and the motion law of potato tube downstream and back flow was obtained.The collision characteristics of soil blocks during transportation and separation were analyzed to determine the influencing factors of separation and crushing effect.In order to obtain the optimal speed parameters of each stage of separation screen in field test,taking impurity content and soil coverage as the test index,the quadratic rotary orthogonal combination experiment design method was adopted in no-load test.The real-time distribution and motion law of soil on separating sieve were obtained by using high-speed photography and three-axis attitude sensor.And the results showed that when the linear speed of the first-stage separating sieve and the second-stage separating sieve were 1.42 m/s and 2.2 m/s,and the linear speed of side output was 1 m/s,the soil coverage was 69.11%and the impurity content was 2.56%.Under the condition of the optimal speed parameters,taking the potato-exposing rate,bruising and damaged rate as the test index,the orthogonal harvest experiment was carried out in the field.The results showed that when the working parameters were as follows:working speed was 1.05 m/s,digging depth was 180 mm,vibration strength was gradeⅡand inclination angle on the sieve surface was 22°,the obvious potato rate was 99.1%,the bruising rate was 1.41%,and the damaged rate was 1.32%,which were superior to national industry standards. |
| |
| Keywords: | potato harvester heavy and compacted soil low side spread separation buffer |
| 本文献已被 维普 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《农业机械学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业机械学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
