| 基于涡度相关法的长江中下游稻田水分利用效率变化规律 |
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| 引用本文： | 时元智,时红,崔远来,洪大林,朱寒.基于涡度相关法的长江中下游稻田水分利用效率变化规律[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(4):130-139. |
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| 作者姓名： | 时元智 时红 崔远来 洪大林 朱寒 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室，南京 210029；2.武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，武汉 430072;3.江西省灌溉试验中心站，南昌 330201 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51709180)；江西省水利科技计划项目(KT201738，KT201630)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（Y917013） |
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| 摘 要： | 揭示水稻生态系统水分利用效率(WaterUseEfficiency,WUE)的变化规律,有助于动态评价稻田水碳循环过程和农业用水效益。该研究利用涡度相关法得到中国长江中下游双季稻田的3年通量数据,研究生态系统尺度的稻田WUE季节变化规律及其年际差异,揭示生态系统夜间呼吸消耗对稻田水分利用的影响,阐明WUE与净生态系统生产力(Net Ecosystem Productivity,NEP)和ET的关系。结果表明:双季稻WUE季节尺度变化特征与NEP基本一致,呈现出先增大、后减小的趋势,表明其季节变化由NEP主导,取决于作物自身以生育期为尺度的生长发育规律。早、晚稻日均WUE均在拔节孕穗期达到峰值,且在生长中期均维持较高水平,日均WUE分别达到5.8、5.5g/kg。早、晚稻全生育期WUE均值分别为(3.3±0.3)、(3.4±0.4) g/kg,生态系统夜间呼吸消耗使WUE下降40%以上。不同稻季WUE的年际差异达到9.2%～12.4%,其中抽穗开花期差异最大。不同纬度的稻田WUE存在差异,该研究得到的中国长江中下游稻田WUE高于菲律宾、巴西等热带地区稻田,但低于中国东北辽河三角洲稻田,与小麦、玉米等农田生态系统相比,稻田WUE也较低。研究结果可为评价中国长江中下游稻作区农业用水效率以及优化水碳管理模式提供依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 生态系统水分利用效率 生态系统生产力 蒸发蒸腾量 碳通量 涡度相关法 稻田 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/11/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/2/10 0:00:00 |
Variation of water use efficiency in a paddy field in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River using eddy covariance method |
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| Shi Yuanzhi,Shi Hong,Cui Yuanlai,Hong Dalin,Zhu Han.Variation of water use efficiency in a paddy field in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River using eddy covariance method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2021,37(4):130-139. |
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| Authors: | Shi Yuanzhi Shi Hong Cui Yuanlai Hong Dalin Zhu Han |
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| Institution: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;3.The Irrigation Experiment Station of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330201, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Changing rules of water use efficiency (WUE) in rice ecosystem can significantly contribute to the water-carbon cycle in paddy fields, thereby to optimize water-carbon management in agricultural production. Taking double-cropping rice of Poyang Lake Plain (belongs to middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River) as the research object, a field experiment was carried out from 2011-2013 and 2018, where the CO2 and H2O flux for 3 years was measured using eddy covariance (EC) method. A series of quality control processing was performed on the raw data of flux using the EddyPro software and the Tovi software, such as the double coordinate rotation, WPL correction, u* threshold detection, energy balance residual correction, and footprint analysis. A marginal distribution sampling (MDS) was used to make the gap filling of missing data, further to obtain a complete dataset. An investigation was made to explore the seasonal variation of ecosystem-scale WUE, as well as the relationship between WUE and its constituent elements net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET). An attempt was also made to compare different WUE in the rice fields at different latitudes, including early rice, late rice and other farmland ecosystems. The results showed that in the seasonal scale variation curve of rice WUE, there was a tendency of increasing first and decreasing later, following with the variation characteristics of NEP. There was a significant positive correlation between rice WUE and NEP, but not with ET in most rice seasons, whereas, the effect of late rice NEP on WUE was higher than that of early rice. This indicated that the seasonal variation of WUE was dominated by NEP, which depended mainly on the growing development of rice on the scale of growth period. The seasonal peak of rice WUE appeared in the jointing-booting stage, and the WUE of middle stage of growth (from jointing-booting stage to heading-flowering stage) was maintained at a high level, with a mean WUE of 5.8 g/kg for early rice and 5.5 g/kg for late rice. In early rice, the WUE of late stage of growth (from grain-filling stage to yellow-ripening stage) was higher than that of early stage of growth (from the stage of seedling establishment to tillering), while that of late rice was the opposite. Both stage of seedling establishment of early rice and yellow-ripening stage of late rice showed an obvious negative WUE, where the paddy field was carbon source at the moment. The mean WUE of the whole growth period of early rice was (3.3±0.3) g/kg, slightly lower than (3.4±0.4) g/kg for late rice. The reason was that the NEP of late rice was stronger, while, the WUE of early growth period for early rice was lower. The synchronism between all-day WUE and daytime WUE was high, where the mean daytime WUE of early and late rice were 5.5 and 6.1 g/kg, respectively, indicating that the effect of nocturnal respiration consumption in rice ecosystem reduced the WUE by more than 40% as a whole. The rice WUE in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was higher than that in the tropical areas, such as the Philippines and Brazil, and lower than that in the Northeast China. With the increase of geographical latitude, the WUE of paddy field increases significantly. The rice WUE was also significantly lower, compared with other farmland ecosystem, such as wheat and corn. There were interannual differences in WUE of growth periods for early rice and late rice, where the relative variation was 9.2%~12.4%, due to the interannual variation of NEP and ET caused by the change of environmental variables, such as temperature, and radiation. The interannual variation in WUE of heading-flowering stage was the maximum, with the amplitude of 1.9~2.3 g/kg. The findings can provide a sound basis to evaluate agricultural water use efficiency, and thereby optimize water-carbon management models in paddy fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. |
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| Keywords: | ecosystem water use efficiency ecosystem productivity evapotranspiration carbon flux eddy covariance method paddy field |
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