| 冻融对老龄苹果园土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 段亚楠,马子清,陈学森,沈向,尹承苗,毛志泉.冻融对老龄苹果园土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2021,53(1):125-132. |
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| 作者姓名： | 段亚楠 马子清 陈学森 沈向 尹承苗 毛志泉 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018;蓬莱市果树工作总站, 山东烟台 264000 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目（SD2019ZZ008）、泰山学者资助项目（NO.ts20190923）和山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目（SDAIT-06-07）资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以山东蒙阴、莱州和栖霞3地老龄苹果园土壤为材料,分别在冬前和冬后采集0~30 cm(上层)与30~60 cm(下层)土层土样,探讨了冻融作用对老龄苹果园土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果显示:3地苹果园0~30 cm土层各理化性状均显著高于30~60 cm土层,其中速效钾含量差异最显著;冻融处理后,3地上下层土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均显著性降低,且上层土壤降低最显著,其中蒙阴苹果园上层土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌分别降低了40.6%、43.6%和55.7%,3地上下层土壤细菌/真菌比值显著提高、尖孢镰孢菌基因拷贝数大幅下降;冻融处理后,3地上下层土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性均有所降低,且表现出显著性差异,但三地上下层土壤CEC变化趋势不同,其中蒙阴苹果园上层CEC降低了41.7%,下层CEC提高了19.2%,栖霞苹果园则相反。综上,3地老龄苹果园土壤经过冻融处理后,显著降低了上下层土壤微生物数量,显著提高了上下层土壤细菌/真菌比值,优化了土壤微生物群落结构,有利于缓解苹果园连作障碍。
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| 关 键 词： | 冻融作用 苹果连作障碍 土壤微生物 土壤酶 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/12/2 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/3/15 0:00:00 |
Effects of freezing-thawing on the number of the soil microbial and enzymatic activity of old apple Orchard |
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| duanyanan,maziqing,chenxuesen,shenxiang,yinchengmiao and maozhiquan.Effects of freezing-thawing on the number of the soil microbial and enzymatic activity of old apple Orchard[J].Soils,2021,53(1):125-132. |
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| Authors: | duanyanan maziqing chenxuesen shenxiang yinchengmiao and maozhiquan |
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| Institution: | College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, Shandong 271018, China;Penglai Fruit Work Station, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China |
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| Abstract: | Taking the soils of old apple orchards in Mengyin, Laizhou and Qixia of Shandong Province as the objects, the effects of freezing-thawing on soil microbial quantities and enzymatic activities of old apple orchards were explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for alleviating apple replant disease. The soils of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths were sampled before winter and in spring and then soil physiochemical properties, microbial population, enzyme activities and cation exchange capacity(CEC) were determined. The results showed that after freezing-thawing treatment, the quantities of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in each layer decreased significantly, and decreased most in the upper soil. The quantities of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the upper layers of Mengyin decreased by 40.6%, 43.6% and 55.7%, respectively, and the ratios of soil; bacteria/fungi in the orchards of three regions were greatly increased; At the same time soil F. oxysporum gene copy number in each layer decreased significantly; The activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase in each soil layer decreased significantly, and there were significant differences; The changes of soil CEC were significantly different in the three regions, soil CEC of the upper layer in Mengyin decreased by 41.7%, soil CEC of the lower layer increased by 19.2%, whereas the change tendency in Qixia was opposite. In conclusion, after the freezing-thawing treatment, soil microbe quantities in the upper and lower layers were reduced significantly, and soil microbial community structure was optimized, thus, helpful to alleviate apple replant diseases. |
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| Keywords: | Freezing-thawing Apple replant disease Soil microorganism Soil enzym |
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