| 机械通风玉米穗储粮仓在黄淮海地区的试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 崔相全,张宗超,韩梦龙,赵峰,李寒松,于贤龙,龚魁杰,慈文亮.机械通风玉米穗储粮仓在黄淮海地区的试验[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(4):80-86. |
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| 作者姓名： | 崔相全 张宗超 韩梦龙 赵峰 李寒松 于贤龙 龚魁杰 慈文亮 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东省农业机械科学研究院，济南 250100；;2.山东省农业科学院作物研究所，济南 250100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0300605）；山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目（2018YF021） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对黄淮海地区玉米穗贮藏存在因含水率比较大不易保存、容易霉变等问题,根据目前合作社免烘干玉米鲜穗储藏的实际需求,为了实现科学储粮,减损增收,研制了机械通风玉米穗储粮仓,并进行了装粮试验。利用常温大风量降水原理和专门设计的仓内正负压通风风道与自然通风风道,风机作为鼓风机、引风机交替运行,完成粮仓的呼吸作业,采用温度、湿度传感器实时采集仓内温度和湿度,配合PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)控制系统,粮仓内呼吸作业与缓苏作业交替运行,实现大宗鲜玉米穗的干燥保质贮藏。通过测定玉米穗储藏期间玉米粒、玉米芯的水分及玉米粒的脂肪酸值、容重等指标,研究分析玉米穗储藏期间霉变、品质变化等情况,开展玉米穗储藏特性及储粮损失研究,并通过建立数学模型与试验结果进行对比分析。试验结果表明,该型储粮仓通过机械通风控温技术,可实现玉米穗就仓干燥储粮,经过80 d的储藏,玉米的水分已经低于标准安全水分值,玉米脂肪酸值为39.9 mg/100 g,为宜存,容重为740 g/L,霉变粒0.6%,不完善粒0.4%,杂质0.07%,色泽气味正常,有效减少玉米在仓储过程中出现霉变等现象,降水、防霉、防鼠效果明显,可有效降低粮食产后损失,节约能源,保证粮食品质,每斤粮食能比刚收获时多卖0.20～0.25元,实现农民"待价而沽"和藏粮于民的需求。
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| 关 键 词： | 机械通风 粮仓 玉米穗 流场分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/1/4 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/1/25 0:00:00 |
Test of the mechanical ventilation maize storage warehouses in Huang-Huai Region |
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| Cui Xiangquan,Zhang Zongchao,Han Menglong,Zhao Feng,Li Hansong,Yu Xianlong,Gong Kuijie,Ci Wenliang.Test of the mechanical ventilation maize storage warehouses in Huang-Huai Region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2021,37(4):80-86. |
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| Authors: | Cui Xiangquan Zhang Zongchao Han Menglong Zhao Feng Li Hansong Yu Xianlong Gong Kuijie Ci Wenliang |
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| Institution: | 1.Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;2.Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Heavy moisture content in the Huang-Huai Plain of China has posed great difficulty in the storage of maize ear, particularly easy to mildew. Scientific storage of fresh maize free from drying has become a high demand to reduce postharvest loss in the actual production of maize in the current cooperative society (co-op). In this study, a feasible storage warehouse with mechanical ventilation was developed for the storage of maize ear. A field test was also conducted. Precipitation with a strong wind at ambient temperature was utilized to specially design the air channel of Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV), Negative Pressure Ventilation (NPV), and natural ventilation (NV) in a storage warehouse. A blowing machine and an Induced Draft (ID) fan ran alternately to achieve the air exchange in a storage warehouse. Some sensors were utilized to monitor the temperature and humidity of the storage warehouse in real time. A PLC control system was selected to match the alternate work of air exchange and regain consciousness, further to keep dry and quality on a large quantity of fresh corncob. In the niblet (kernel of corn), the moisture, fatty acid, and volume weight were measured to explore the change of mildew and quality, together with the moisture of corncob, and then to evaluate the storage character and loss, finally to establish predicted models during the storage. The test results showed that this storage warehouse with mechanical ventilation and temperature control can implement for 80-day dry storage of maize niblet. The parameters presented suitable for storage, where the moisture content was lower than the standard safe value, with maize fatty acid of 39.9 mg/100g, volume weight of 740g/L, mildew rate of 0.6%, broken rate of 0.4%, impurity rate of 0.07%, normal color and taste. The storage warehouses demonstrated the stable performance of waterproof, mildew resistant, and pest-proof, thereby reducing the postharvest loss and saving energy for the better quality of stored maize. The price was 0.2-0.25 Yuan/500g higher than that in the harvest season. As such, the farmers can keep maize in storage for a better price to sell. |
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| Keywords: | mechanical ventilation grain storage warehouses maize flow field analysis |
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