| 基于黄河泥沙充填复垦采煤沉陷地覆土材料的优选 |
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| 引用本文： | 邵芳,胡振琪,王培俊,李星宇.基于黄河泥沙充填复垦采煤沉陷地覆土材料的优选[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(Z2):352-358. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邵芳 胡振琪 王培俊 李星宇 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国矿业大学 北京 土地复垦与生态重建研究所,北京,100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题（2012BAC04B03） |
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| 摘 要： | 黄河泥沙充填复垦采煤沉陷地需要覆盖足够厚度的土壤以保证农作物生长,针对济宁市部分采煤沉陷地可取土量不足问题,该文提出利用当地表土、心土和黄河泥沙组配作为覆土材料研究,以达到增加覆盖土壤厚度和改良当地土壤质地的目的。研究表明,覆土材料有利于玉米生长发育,表土、心土和黄河泥沙组配(质量比)为1:1:1.33~1:1:2的覆土材料玉米苗期生物量显著高于对照土壤;组配为1:1:0.86~1:1:2的覆土材料质地为壤土,是较为理想的土壤类型;组配为1:1:0.86~1:1:2的覆土材料容重为1.38~1.41g/cm3,密度为2.64~2.68g/cm3,较为适宜农作物生长。覆土材料可以显著降低当地土壤p H值和电导率,对农作物不产生盐害作用;其入渗性能提升,增加了土壤储水能力,组配为1:1:0.86~1:1:2的覆土材料入渗能力接近多年耕种农田;其水分特征曲线左移,毛管孔隙度、有效水孔隙度和水分常数基本呈现下降趋势,持水和供水能力下降。根据尽量增加黄河泥沙充填层上覆土材料厚度原则,优选出表土、心土和黄河泥沙组配为1:1:2的覆土材料作为黄河泥沙充填复垦采煤沉陷地的覆土材料,可在大田试验中进行进一步的验证。
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| 关 键 词： | 复垦 土壤 沙 沉积物 采煤沉陷地 黄河泥沙 充填复垦 覆土材料 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/6/14 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/8/29 0:00:00 |
Selection of alternative soil for filling reclamation with Yellow River sediment in coal-mining subsidence areas |
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| Shao Fang,Hu Zhenqi,Wang Peijun and Li Xingyu.Selection of alternative soil for filling reclamation with Yellow River sediment in coal-mining subsidence areas[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(Z2):352-358. |
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| Authors: | Shao Fang Hu Zhenqi Wang Peijun and Li Xingyu |
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| Institution: | Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology , Beijing 100083, China,Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology , Beijing 100083, China,Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology , Beijing 100083, China and Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology , Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Underground coal mining results in large-area subsidence and severely disrupts agricultural production in eastern China, especially in Jining City, due to high underground water table and flat terrain. The most common method of reclaiming the subsidence areas in Jining City is filling reclamation. However, filling materials (such as fly ash, coal waste) have some disadvantages, such as heavy metal pollution and insufficient quantity. Jining City is located along the Yellow River, which has the largest sediment concentration in the world. Due to this, some researchers have proposed a method of filling subsidence areas with Yellow River sediment. However, in some subsidence areas, insufficient soil cover on sediment layer is a critical problem; in addition, the soil texture of some areas is clay which is not good for crop growth. For these reasons, we proposed a method of alternative soil over Yellow River sediment layer. The alternative soil was composed of topsoil, subsoil and Yellow River sediment, and the proportions were 1:1:0, 1:1:0.86, 1:1:1.33, 1:1:2, 1:1:3, 1:1:4.67 and 0:0:1, respectively. The research results showed that, alternative soil favored maize growth, especially root system, and the dry biomass of maize planting in alternative soil with the proportions of 1:1:1.33-1:1:2 was significantly larger than the control treatment (P<0.05). The texture of alternative soil with the proportions of 1:1:0.86-1:1:2 was loam, which is good for crop growth. The bulk density and the density of alternative soil with the proportions of 1:1:0.86-1:1:2 were 1.38-1.41 and 2.64-2.68 g/cm3 respectively, which were suitable for crop growth. Compared with the control treatment, the alternative soil had a considerable reduction in pH value and electrical conductivity (P<0.05), which was not harmful to crop growth. The infiltration rate of alternative soil was increased, which favored water storage capacity, and the alternative soil with the proportions of 1:1:0.86-1:1:2 had the similar infiltration rate to natural farmland. As for soil-water characteristic curves, water content of the alternative soil decreased with the increasing of sediment content under the same soil water suction. Furthermore, capillary porosity, available water porosity and water constants of alternative soil were also roughly decreased with the increasing of sediment content, which meant that soil available water supply capacity and water-holding capacity were decreased. Field capacity, moisture content at capillary rupture, wilting coefficient and hygroscopic coefficient of alternative soil with the proportion of 0:0:1 were the minimum among all treatments, which were 6.15%, 3.70%, 1.59% and 0.72%, respectively. In addition, with the principle that the better the more alternative soil over Yellow River sediment, we recommend that the alternative soil with 50% sediment (1:1:2 proportion) is the suitable material in filling reclamation with the Yellow River sediment. |
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| Keywords: | reclamation soil sand sediment subsided land Yellow River sediment filled reclamation alternative soil |
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