| 不同抗生素对豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 吕 宁,刘长仲.不同抗生素对豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(2):208-216. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吕 宁 刘长仲 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃农业大学草业学院 草业生态系统教育部重点实验室 甘肃省草业工程实验室 兰州 730070;甘肃农业大学草业学院 草业生态系统教育部重点实验室 甘肃省草业工程实验室 兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(31260433)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确不同抗生素及其处理方式对绿色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响,将盐酸金霉素(chlortetracycline HCl)、氯霉素(chloraomycetin)、盐酸土霉素(oxytetracycline HCl)、青霉素G钾盐(penicillin-G K salt)和硫酸链霉素(streptomycin sulfate)5种抗生素分别按同时喷洒蚕豆植株和蚜虫虫体、只喷洒蚜虫虫体和只喷洒蚕豆植株3种方式处理,了解不同处理下豌豆蚜的发育历期、平均体重、体质量差、相对日均体质量增长率和平均产蚜量等生物学参数变化特征。结果表明:3种处理方式对绿色型豌豆蚜的生物学参数影响大小顺序为:同时喷洒植株和虫体处理喷洒植株处理喷洒虫体处理。5种抗生素对绿色型豌豆蚜的生物学参数影响大小顺序为:盐酸土霉素盐酸金霉素硫酸链霉素氯霉素青霉素G钾盐。经过喷洒蚜虫虫体和植株表面联合作用处理,土霉素对绿色型豌豆蚜的生长发育影响最大,若虫期延长2.25 d,整个世代周期延长3.70 d,体重减轻52.37%,体质量差减小55.84%,相对日均体质量增长率减小53.85%,产蚜量下降79.07%;金霉素处理表现为延长发育历期,青霉素、氯霉素和链霉素为缩短发育历期;经5种抗生素处理后的绿色型豌豆蚜体重均减轻,产蚜量下降。土霉素处理对绿色型豌豆蚜的若虫期、世代历期和相对日均体质量增长率的影响与其他4种抗生素差异显著(P0.05),土霉素和金霉素对平均体重和体重差的影响与其他3种抗生素差异显著(P0.05),但相互间差异不显著(P0.05)。经过喷洒植株表面的间接作用处理,土霉素对绿色型豌豆蚜的生长发育影响最大,若虫期龄期延长1.63 d,世代历期延长3.38 d,体重减轻50.28%,体质量差减小51.49%,相对日均体质量增长率减小41.67%,产蚜量下降75.45%;金霉素的影响作用次之,表现为延长发育历期;青霉素、氯霉素和链霉素为缩短发育历期。5种抗生素处理后绿色型豌豆蚜均体重减轻,产蚜量下降。土霉素处理对绿色型豌豆蚜的若虫期、平均体重和产蚜量的影响与其他4种抗生素差异显著(P0.05),土霉素和金霉素对世代历期和相对日均体质量增长率影响差异显著(P0.05),但相互间差异不显著(P0.05)。经过直接喷洒蚜虫虫体间接作用方式处理,土霉素对绿色型豌豆蚜的生长发育影响最大,若虫期延长0.34 d,体重减轻24.32%,相对日均体质量增长率减小26.32%,产蚜量下降44.23%,其他4种抗生素对绿色型豌豆蚜的生物学参数影响较小。土霉素处理对相对日均体质量增长率的影响与其他4种抗生素差异显著(P0.05),土霉素和金霉素对若虫期和产蚜量的影响与其他3种抗生素差异显著(P0.05),但相互间差异不显著(P0.05)。由不同抗生素的不同处理方式进行多重比较得知,对绿色型豌豆蚜生长发育影响较大的3种处理组合为:土霉素同时喷洒植株和虫体处理组合土霉素喷洒植株处理组合金霉素同时喷洒植株和虫体处理组合,3种作用处理间对绿色型豌豆蚜生物学特性影响差异不显著(P0.05),土霉素同时喷洒植株和虫体处理组合对生物学特性的影响与除土霉素喷洒植株处理组合和金霉素同时喷洒植株和虫体组合之外的其他组合处理差异显著(P0.05)。
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| 关 键 词： | 豌豆蚜 绿色型 抗生素 生物学特性 日均体质量增长率 产蚜量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013/8/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013/12/5 0:00:00 |
Effect of different antibiotics on the biological characteristics of pea aphid |
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| LYU Ning and LIU Changzhong.Effect of different antibiotics on the biological characteristics of pea aphid[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(2):208-216. |
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| Authors: | LYU Ning and LIU Changzhong |
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| Institution: | Pratacultural College of Gansu Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education; Grassland Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China;Pratacultural College of Gansu Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education; Grassland Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China |
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| Abstract: | To determine the application methods of different antibiotics in relation to the biological characteristics of green pea aphid Acyrthosiphon piusm (Harris)], we sprayed different antibiotics (chlortetracycline HCl, chloraomycetin, oxytetracycline HCl, penicillin-G K salt and streptomycin sulfate) using different methods. The application methods were spraying antibiotics on aphids and plants, on aphid only, and on plants only. Biological parameters of green pea aphid were obtained, which were the days of development, average weight, weight difference, mean relative growth rate and average fecundity of larvae. The results showed that the order of effect of three application methods on the biological characteristics of green pea aphid was as follows: spraying antibiotics on aphids and plants > spraying antibiotics on plants only > spraying antibiotics on aphids only. The order of effect of five different antibiotics on the biological characteristics of green pea aphid was as follows: oxytetracycline HCl > chlortetracycline HCl > streptomycin sulfate > chloraomycetin > penicillin-GK salt. After sprayed both on aphids and plants, oxytetracycline HCl in five antibiotics most significantly influenced the growth and development of green pea aphids - nymph stage prolonged by 2.25 days, generation time prolonged by 3.70 days, weight dropped by 52.37%, weight difference dropped by 55.84%, mean daily relative growth rate dropped by 53.85% and average fecundity of larvae dropped by 79.07%. While aphid development period under chlortetracycline HCl treatment increased, it decreased under penicillin-GK salt, chloraomycetin and streptomycin sulfate. After treatment with five antibiotic, similar weight losses and aphid fecundity drops were noted. The influence of oxytetracycline HCl on aphid nymph stage, generation period and average body weight growth rate was significantly different from others treatment. Both oxytetracycline HCl and chlortetracycline HCl had a clear effect on the average weight and weight difference of aphids, but with no significant difference between the two. When five antibiotics sprayed on plant surface only, oxytetracycline HCl had the highest effect on the growth and development of green pea aphid. Nymph stage prolonged by 1.63 days, generation time prolonged by 3.38 days, weight dropped by 50.28%, weight difference dropped by 51.49%, mean daily relative growth rate dropped by 41.67% and aphid fecundity dropped by 75.45%. Chlortetracycline HCl had a lower effect than oxytetracycline HCl, which led to a longer development period of aphids. Then penicillin-GK salt, chloraomycetin and streptomycin sulfate shortened aphid development period. When five antibiotics sprayed on aphid only, oxytetracycline HCl still had the highest effect on aphid development - nymph stage prolonged by 0.34 days, weight dropped by 24.32%, mean daily relative growth rate dropped by 26.32% and aphid fecundity dropped by 44.23%. In conclusion, spraying antibiotics on both aphid and plant was the most effective application method and oxytetracycline HCl was the most effective antibiotic for pea aphid. The other antibiotics and application methods had less effect on pea aphid. The three combinations of antibiotics and application methods had obvious effects on green pea aphid growth and development, their action order was as follows: oxytetracycline HCl antibiotic sprayed on aphids and plants > oxytetracycline HCl sprayed on plants > chlortetracycline HCl sprayed on aphids. There was no significant difference among the three. Oxytetracycline HCl sprayed on aphids and plants was significantly different from the others combinations in terms of effect. |
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| Keywords: | Acyrthosiphon piusm (Harris) Green morph Antibiotic Biological characteristics Mean relative growth rate Aphid fecundity |
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