| 退耕还林恢复年限对岩溶槽谷区石漠化土壤物理性质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李建明,王志刚,王爱娟,王家乐,王可,刘晨曦,崔豪,张平仓.退耕还林恢复年限对岩溶槽谷区石漠化土壤物理性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(1):99-108. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李建明 王志刚 王爱娟 王家乐 王可 刘晨曦 崔豪 张平仓 |
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| 作者单位： | 长江水利委员会长江科学院,武汉 430010;水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,武汉 430010;中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,杨凌 712100;中国科学院大学,北京 100049;长江水利委员会长江科学院,武汉 430010;水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,武汉 430010;水利部水土保持监测中心,北京 100055 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划专项（2016YFC050230305、2016YFC0503705）；国家自然科学基金（41701316、41101191）；水利部技术示范项目（SF-201806） |
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| 摘 要： | 历史上严重的植被破坏导致西南岩溶槽谷区水土流失/漏失和石漠化加重,制约喀斯特地区经济和社会发展,而退耕还林等生态修复工程对于喀斯特地区植被恢复、生态环境改善具有重要意义。该研究在遥感解译结合野外调查及采样分析基础上,重点分析了岩溶槽谷退耕后7个恢复年限(0~5、5~10、10~15、15~20、20~25、25~30、45~50 a)土壤主要物理性质的演替规律,结果表明:1)退耕开始至15~20 a土壤尤其是表层土壤物理性质呈现恶化的趋势,土壤表层平均含水率和总孔隙度分别减少12.28%~14.75%和8.79%~11.14%,而表层平均容重和紧实度则分别增大10.06%~13.82%和54.09%~58.43%,土壤-植被系统出现旱生化发展趋势;2)退耕20~50 a表层土壤平均含水率和总孔隙度分别达到40.65%和60.38%,较退耕0~5a分别增加24.11%和9.06%,尤其是恢复45~50 a表层土壤平均容重和紧实度分别为0.93 g/cm3、7.57 kg/cm^2,土壤基本性质的变化表明了生态系统质量的显著提升;3)由于喀斯特地区土层薄且缺少过渡层,提出了喀斯特地区土壤"铁板烧效应",与植被在退耕15~20 a由灌草结构向乔灌草立体格局转变的时间转折点相符。该研究进一步阐明了喀斯特地区生态恢复对土壤系统演变的影响,并提出喀斯特地区尤其要注重对乔木树种的种植和抚育工作,对于指导喀斯特地区生态修复具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤 植被 恢复 退耕还林 岩溶槽谷 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/8/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/10/11 0:00:00 |
Effects of land restoration years on physical properties of rocky desertified soil in trough valley of the southeast China karst region |
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| Li Jianming,Wang Zhigang,Wang Aijuan,Wang Jiale,Wang Ke,Liu Chenxi,Cui Hao and Zhang Pingcang.Effects of land restoration years on physical properties of rocky desertified soil in trough valley of the southeast China karst region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(1):99-108. |
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| Authors: | Li Jianming Wang Zhigang Wang Aijuan Wang Jiale Wang Ke Liu Chenxi Cui Hao and Zhang Pingcang |
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| Institution: | 1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; 2. Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China; 4. Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China; 5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;,1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; 2. Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China;,3. Center of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100055, China;,1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; 2. Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China;,1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; 2. Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China;,1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; 2. Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China;,1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; 2. Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China; and 1. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; 2. Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China; |
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| Abstract: | Severe deforestation has caused the water loss, soil erosion (including underground leakage), and rocky desertification in the trough valleys of the southeast China Karst region, limiting local social and economic developments. Land restoration projects, such as the Grain for Green project initiated in 1999 in China, become important to improve the local ecological environment and restore vegetation. In order to evaluate the soil quality that improved by land restoration, it is necessary to examine some physical properties of the soils (such as bulk density, compactness, porosity and water content) after the periods of restoration. Here, 38 sampling sites were selected in the range of 0-10° on the bedding slopes based on the remote-sensing image analysis, field investigation, and in-home personal interviews at the trough valley. The soil with thin layers on these slopes become venerable to erosion in this case. These sampling sites were divided into seven groups according to the years after the land restoration (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 45-50 a). In each sampling site, a examining pit with the depth of 30cm was dug to establish a soil profile align to the cross-section of the soil layers during the examination test. According to the depth range of the soil layer, each soil profile was divided into two layers, 0-15 and 15-30 cm. In these two layers, the compactness of soils was measured by a compaction meter before soil sampling. Soil samples were then collected from both layers by sampling rings in order to measure some physical properties of soils, such as the bulk density, porosity and water content, after field investigations. Vegetation and landforms around the sampling sites were also noted during the samples collection. This study also proposed a feasible mechanism of land restoration to promote the local environment of sampling sites in the through valley of this Karst region. Three main findings can be made from these examined results. 1) Physical properties, especially in the shallow layer of soils, were still deteriorated from the start of land restoration to the period of 15-20 a. The water contents and porosities of the soils in the shallow layer were reduced by 12.28%-14.75% and 8.79%-11.14%, respectively, whereas the bulk densities and compactness were increased by 10.06%-13.82% and 54.09%-58.43%, respectively. 2) In the period of 20-50 a, the water content and porosity of soils in the shallow layer reached 40.65% to 60.38%, respectively, indicating an increase by 24.11% to 9.06% compared with those in the period of 0-5a. In the period of 45-50 a, the bulk density and compactness of soils were 0.93 g/cm3 and 7.57 kg/cm2, indicating much higher soil quality of the ecological system than that of other short periods after land restoration. The low-growing plants, such as grasses and shrubs, were dominant in the period of 0-20 a after land restoration, as well as there was no litter biomass layer on the ground surface of the soil. But in the long run, the planting species then gradually changed to an arbor-shrub-grass type. Arboreal plants flourished and the litter biomass layer appeared in the period of 40-50 a, indicating an obvious improvement of the water-retaining capacity and fertility of the soils. 3) As the soil layers in the Karst region were quite thin, there was no transition interlayer. A new methodological concept, "roasted effect", was therefore proposed in this study based on the traits of the quite thin soil layers, and it agrees with the transformation pattern of vegetation species from the shrub-grass to the arbor-shrub-grass type that occurred in the restoration period of 15-20 a. This study also demonstrates the combined effects of the ecological restoration on the dynamics mechanism of physical properties in the soil layers, particularly emphasis on the significance of the arboreal plant breeding in the entire restoration process. These findings can provide a potential theoretical guideline for further application of the ecological restoration at Karst regions in the southeast of China. |
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| Keywords: | soils vegetation restoration grain for green project trough rally of karst region |
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