| 苎麻茎秆台架切割试验与分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 沈成,李显旺,张彬,田昆鹏,黄继承,陈巧敏.苎麻茎秆台架切割试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):68-76. |
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| 作者姓名： | 沈成 李显旺 张彬 田昆鹏 黄继承 陈巧敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京,210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家农业产业技术体系岗位任务(CARS－19－E22)；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD20B05－4)；中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(茎秆作物机械化收获团队) |
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| 摘 要： | 为了给苎麻收割机的研制提供切割理论基础,该文进行了苎麻茎秆切割参数的试验研究。该文利用自行设计的试验台架进行苎麻茎秆的切割试验,研究往复式单动刀及双动刀切割器不同刀片几何参数(刀片长度、刀刃类型)、不同切割线速度和不同茎秆喂入速度对切割性能(切割功耗、切割质量和综合评分值)的影响。根据各个因素特点,论文采用多因素正交试验的方法确立两水平因素(刀刃类型、刀片长度和动刀组数)的最优水平组合,然后固定两水平因素的最优水平组合,以切割线速度和茎秆喂入速度为试验因素进行二次回归正交旋转设计试验来获得因素的最佳参数。根据多因素正交试验结果,采用往复式双动刀切割器,选用锯齿刃长刀片(120 mm)为最优水平组合。根据二次回归正交旋转设计试验结果,当切割线速度为0.878 9 m/s、茎秆喂入速度为0.862 4 m/s时,单位长度割幅切割功率最小,为281.408 4 W;当切割线速度为1.161 4 m/s、茎秆喂入速度为0.711 7 m/s时,单位面积切割失败株数最少,为5.691 1株;当切割线速度为1.092 0 m/s、茎秆喂入速度为0.722 9 m/s时,评分值最高,为86.7180分。综合试验结果,苎麻切割试验理论最佳水平组合为:切割线速度1.092 0 m/s、茎秆喂入速度0.722 9 m/s,采用往复式双动刀切割器,选用锯齿刃长刀片(120 mm),此时单位长度割幅切割功率为318.814 5 W,单位面积切割失败株数为6.006 4株。研究结果为后续苎麻收割机切割部件的研制以及切割行走速比的选择提供了基础理论数据。
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| 关 键 词： | 切割 机械化 优化 苎麻 茎秆 试验台 试验 分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/7/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/11/18 0:00:00 |
Bench experiment and analysis on ramie stalk cutting |
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| Shen Cheng,Li Xianwang,Zhang Bin,Tian Kunpeng,Huang Jicheng and Chen Qiaomin.Bench experiment and analysis on ramie stalk cutting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(1):68-76. |
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| Authors: | Shen Cheng Li Xianwang Zhang Bin Tian Kunpeng Huang Jicheng and Chen Qiaomin |
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| Institution: | Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China and Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to provide optimal theoretical cutting parameters of ramie stalk for ramie harvester, the cutting test of ramie stalk was conducted on the self-designed test bench in this paper.The test studied the influences of different geometrical parameters of blade, cutting speed, and ramie stalk feeding speed of reciprocating single movable blade cutter and double movable blades cutter on the cutting performance.The 4 groups of common blades had 2 blade lengths (81 mm, rice & wheat harvester blade; 120 mm, corn harvester blade) and 2 blade edge types(smooth-edge blade and serrated-edge blade), and the blade widths of various groups were the same(76 mm, equal to the driving distance of cutter bar on the test bench).Therefore, 5 factors were designed in the test: cutting speed, stalk feeding speed, blade edge type, blade length, and number of movable blades.Evaluation indices determined in the test were cutting power and number of failed stubbles (not cut off or broken); the smaller the 2 indices were, the better the performance would be.Besides, a multi-index evaluation model was established in the test and the values of multiple indices were reflected by the comprehensive score.The higher the score was, the better the performance would be.Among the 5 factors, blade edge type, blade length, and number of movable blades were obtained through model selection, and they were fixed at 2 levels.Cutting speed and stalk feeding speed were continuous values and the optimal values could be selected within a scope.Therefore, the optimal parameters of the 3 factors at 2 levels were determined by adopting the method of multi-factor orthogonal tests, and then the optimal parameter combination was obtained through the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation tests taking the other 2 factors i.e.setting cutting speed and stalk feeding speed as experimental factors.In the multi-factor orthogonal tests, the factors with significant influences on cutting power were cutting speed(P<0.01), number of movable blades(P<0.01) and blade length (P<0.1) according to the significant degree.The combination of the optimal level was double movable blades cutter and short blade(81 mm) under slow cutting speed(1 m/s).In addition, stalk feeding speed and blade edge type had no significant influence on cutting power.Meanwhile, the factors with significant influences(P<0.01) on the number of failed stubbles were blade edge type, blade length, cutting speed, and stalk feeding speed according to the significant degree.The combination of the optimal level was serrated-edge blade and long blade(120 mm) under fast cutting speed(1.2 m/s) and slow stalk feeding speed(0.7 m/s).In addition, the number of movable blades had no significant influence on the number of failed stubbles.Besides, the factors with significant influences on comprehensive score were blade edge type(P<0.01), blade length, number of movable blades, cutting speed and stalk feeding speed(P<0.05 for the latter 4 factors) according to the significant degree.The combination of the optimal level was serrated-edge blade, long blade(120 mm) and reciprocating double movable blades cutter under slow cutting speed(1.0 m/s) and slow stalk feeding speed(0.8 m/s).Furthermore, according to the combination of optimal score in the orthogonal tests, this paper conducted the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation tests for the 2 continuously adjustable factors i.e.cutting speed and stalk feeding speed, investigated their influences on cutting power, cutting quality and comprehensive score as well as their interaction effect, and established the quadratic regression functions respectively.In terms of the cutting power, when the cutting speed was 0.878 9 m/s and the stalk feeding speed was 0.862 4 m/s, the 1 m-swath cutting power was 281.408 4 W, which was the minimum value.As for the cutting quality, when the cutting speed was 1.161 4 m/s and the stalk feeding speed was 0.711 7 m/s, the number of failed stubbles in 1 m2 area was 5.691 1, which was the minimum value.For the comprehensive score, when the cutting speed was 1.092 0 m/s and the stalk feeding speed was 0.722 9 m/s, the score was 86.718 0, which was the highest value.Finally, according to the test results, the optimal parameter combination of ramie cutting test in theory was: cutting speed 1.092 0 m/s, stalk feeding speed 0.722 9 m/s, reciprocating double movable blades, serrated-edge blade, and blade length 120 mm, and under the condition, the 1 m-swath cutting power was 318.814 5 W, the number of failed stubbles in 1 m2 area was 6.006 4.In conclusion, the optimal parameter combination of ramie cutting adopted in the experiment is reasonable, and the experimental analysis results can be applied into subsequent related researches. |
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| Keywords: | cutting mechanization optimization ramie stalk test-bench experiment analysis |
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