| 不同治理措施在红壤坡耕地的水土保持效益 |
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| 引用本文： | 李秋芳,王克勤,王帅兵,李太兴,李宝荣.不同治理措施在红壤坡耕地的水土保持效益[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):196-200. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李秋芳 王克勤 王帅兵 李太兴 李宝荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明,650224
2. 云南省玉溪市水利局,云南玉溪,653100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目“微区域集水系统控制云南山区农业面源污染”，西南林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治重点学科项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 在云南省抚仙湖流域澄江尖山河小流域坡耕地建立了野外标准径流小区,并布设了1.2m宽等高反坡阶和2.0m宽草带两种坡耕地水土保持措施,观测次降雨的地表径流量和土壤流失量,并与原状坡耕地进行对比,分析两种措施的水土保持效益。结果表明:(1)两种措施之间的地表径流量和土壤流失量差异性均显著。修筑等高反坡阶的地表径流深为113.64mm,比原状坡耕地减少了61.9%,土壤流失量为714.7t/km2,比原状坡耕地减少了77.4%;布设草带的地表径流深为82.76mm,比原状坡耕地减少了72.2%,土壤流失量为370.1t/km2,比原状坡耕地减少了88.3%。(2)两种措施之间的减流和减沙效益差异性均显著,等高反坡阶的减流和减沙效益指数平均分别达0.57和0.97,草带的减流和减沙效益指数平均分别达0.79和0.76。(3)两种措施均大幅削减了地表径流和泥沙的氮、磷养分输出总量,发挥了较好的保肥作用。与原状坡耕地相比,等高反坡阶对总氮削减率为81.9%,对总磷削减率为44.3%;草带对总氮削减率为74.7%,对总磷削减率为83.7%。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤侵蚀 等高反坡阶 草带 坡耕地 抚仙湖 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011/11/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2012/2/25 0:00:00 |
Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Different Measures on Red Soil Sloping Farmland |
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| LI Qiu-fang,WANG Ke-qin,WANG Shuai-bing,LI Tai-xing and LI Bao-rong.Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Different Measures on Red Soil Sloping Farmland[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(6):196-200. |
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| Authors: | LI Qiu-fang WANG Ke-qin WANG Shuai-bing LI Tai-xing and LI Bao-rong |
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| Institution: | 1.Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming, Yunnan 650224,China;2.Hydrological Bureau of Yuxi Municipality,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100,China) |
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| Abstract: | Standard runoff plots were built in Jianshan small watershed of Fuxian Lake watershed in Chengjiang County,Yunnan Province.In addition to the control,two types of soil and water conservation measures were set up on the sloping farmland,i.e.,reverse-sloped terraces with 1.2 m interval and grass strips with 2.0 m interval.Surface runoff and sediment yields were monitored after each rain events to compare the water and soil conservation effects of these two measures.It was shown by the study that both surface runoff and sediment yields differed significantly between the two measures.The runoff depth for the reverse-sloped terrace was 113.64 mm during the year,which was 61.9% less than that of the control,while the observed soil loss was 714.7 t/km2,approximately 77.4% less than the control.For the grass strip treatment,the runoff depth was 82.76 mm,72.2% less than the control,whereas the soil loss was 370.1 t/km2,88.3% less than that of the control.Apparently,both measures showed significant benefits in reductions of both surface runoff and soil loss.The average index values of runoff and soil loss reduction were 0.57 and 0.97 for constructing reverse-sloped terrace,and were 0.79 and 0.76 for building grass belts,respectively.The total N and P losses in surface runoff and sediment were also reduced remarkably,by 81.9% and 44.3% for reverse-sloped terrace,and by 74.7% and 83.7% for grass belts,respectively. |
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| Keywords: | soil erosion reverse-slope level terrace grass verges sloping farmland Fuxian Lake |
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