| 常规氮肥与缓释氮肥配施对不同株距机插杂交稻磷素吸收、转运及分配特征的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王海月,蒋明金,孙永健,郭长春,殷尧翥,何艳,严田蓉,杨志远,徐徽,马均.常规氮肥与缓释氮肥配施对不同株距机插杂交稻磷素吸收、转运及分配特征的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(1):115-125. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王海月 蒋明金 孙永健 郭长春 殷尧翥 何艳 严田蓉 杨志远 徐徽 马均 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川农业大学水稻研究所 / 农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川温江 611130 |
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| 基金项目： | This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300506), the National Science and Technology Project of Food Production of China (2013BAD07B13), Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department (16ZA0044), and the Funding of Academic and Technical Leaders Cultivation of Sichuan Province. |
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| 摘 要： | 在前期研究确定总氮用量180 kg hm–2下, 缓释氮肥与常规氮肥7∶3配施比例可获得机插稻高产的基础上, 研究缓释氮肥配施和不同株距下机插杂交稻磷素积累、分配与利用特征及其与产量的关系。采用二因素裂区设计, 设3种机插株距(行距均为30 cm) 16、18及20 cm和4个缓释氮肥用量(36、66、96和126 kg hm–2)与常规氮肥(均为54 kg hm–2)配施处理。结果表明, 缓释氮肥用量对机插稻主要生育时期磷素积累量、各生育阶段磷素吸收量及吸收速率、结实期茎鞘磷素转运量及转运率和叶片磷素转运率及贡献率均有显著影响。在株距为18 cm, 群体密度为18.52万穴 hm–2, 缓释氮肥(96 kg hm–2)与常规氮肥(54 kg hm–2)配施总量为150 kg hm–2时, 可有效提高机插稻对磷素的吸收, 促进结实期茎鞘、叶片磷素向穗部的转运及分配, 能充分发挥本区域机插杂交籼稻的优势, 产量可达11 463.8 kg hm–2, 为本试验的最佳肥密运筹处理。株距为16 cm, 群体密度(20.84万穴 hm–2)相对较大, 施氮总量为180 kg hm–2时, 群体吸收的磷总量较高, 进一步促进了植株体内磷素的吸收转运及分配, 有利于产量提高, 但从节本增效的角度考虑, 以缓释氮肥配施量150 kg hm–2为宜; 株距增加到20 cm施氮总量在180 kg hm–2下, 群体(16.67万穴 hm–2)较小, 吸收磷素的绝对量少, 茎鞘、叶片中的磷素向穗部转运量多, 穗部磷素积累量增加, 产量增加。相关分析表明, 株距与缓释氮肥配施量耦合下, 尤其以齐穗期至成熟期茎鞘磷素转运量与产量相关性较高(r = 0.72**), 更有利于产量的提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 机插稻 株距 缓释氮肥 磷素吸收 转运及分配 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-04-15 |
Effects of Conventional Urea Combined with Slow-release Urea Application on Phosphorus Uptake,Translocation and Distribution in Mechanically Transplanted Rice with Different Plant Spacings |
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| WANG Hai-Yue,JIANG Ming-Jin,SUN Yong-Jian,GUO Chang-Chun,YIN Yao-Zhu,HE Yan,YAN Tian-Rong,YANG Zhi-Yuan,XU Hui,MA Jun.Effects of Conventional Urea Combined with Slow-release Urea Application on Phosphorus Uptake,Translocation and Distribution in Mechanically Transplanted Rice with Different Plant Spacings[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2018,44(1):115-125. |
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| Authors: | WANG Hai-Yue JIANG Ming-Jin SUN Yong-Jian GUO Chang-Chun YIN Yao-Zhu HE Yan YAN Tian-Rong YANG Zhi-Yuan XU Hui MA Jun |
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| Institution: | Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China |
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| Abstract: | Spilt-plot design with plant spacing (16, 18, and 20 cm with 30 cm-row spacing, respectively) as main plot and slow-release urea application rate (36, 66, 96, and 126 kg ha–1) combined with 54 kg ha–1 of conventional urea as subplot was arranged. In the present study P accumulated amount of rice plant at the main growth stages, P absorption and P uptake rate during various growth stages, P translocation amount of stem-sheath, and the P translocation rate and P conversion rate of leaf at the grain-filling stage were significantly affected by the slow-release urea application rate. Ninety-six kg ha–1 of slow-release urea combined with 54 kg ha–1 of conventional urea significantly improved P uptake, translocation and redistribution under the plant spacing of 18 cm, which is a best cultural practices for mechanically transplanted rice with the highest yield of 11 463.8 kg ha–1 in Southwest. A relatively high plant density (208.4 thousand plants per hectare) was established when the plant spacing was 16 cm. In addition, a higher total P accumulation amount of plant was achieved under 126 kg ha–1 of slow-release urea, resulting in improved P redistribution and high grain yield. The relatively lower plant density (166.7 thousand plants per hectare) was due to the larger plant spacing under the conditions of 20 cm-plant spacing and 126 kg ha–1 of slow-release urea. Although P accumulated amount decreased, P translocation from stem-sheath and leaf to panicle increased, resulting in increased P accumulation in panicle and grain yield. Furthermore, a relatively high correlation between P translocation amount (especially the P translocation amount of stem-sheath from heading stage to maturity stage) and grain yield (r = 0.72**) under a certain plant spacing combined with the slow-release urea, could be beneficial to improving grain yield. |
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| Keywords: | mechanically transplanted rice plant spacing slow-release urea P uptake translocation and distribution |
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