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| 中国土壤空间分布的分形与分维 | |
| 引用本文： | 朱晓华,杨秀春,蔡运龙.中国土壤空间分布的分形与分维[J].土壤学报,2005,42(6):881-888. |
| 作者姓名： | 朱晓华 杨秀春 蔡运龙 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 2. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京,100081 3. 北京大学资源环境地理学系,北京,100871 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（40335046,40301002）资助 |
| 摘 要： | 基于分形理论,对中国土壤空间分布的分形性质进行了定量研究,所得结论为:(1)中国土壤空间分形结构特征客观存在,南方水稻土、黄刚土等53类土壤斑块的周长-面积关系客观存在;(2)中国各土壤类型中,寒漠土分维最大,为1.952,灰漠土分维最小,为1.158;寒漠土斑块镶嵌结构最复杂,灰漠土斑块镶嵌结构最简单;(3)随着我国土壤类型从华南→东北→西北的变化,土壤类型空间分布的分维总体增大;在青藏高原区,各土壤分维出现垂直与水平的复合分布,随着地势自东南向西北的逐渐升高,土壤分维总体变大;(4)中国各土壤类型中,寒漠土稳定性指数值最大,为0.452 4,其斑块镶嵌结构稳定性最高,灰褐土斑块镶嵌结构稳定性最低,稳定性指数值为0.001 3;(5)随着我国土壤类型由南向东北的变化,各土壤类型斑块镶嵌结构的稳定性指数总体变小;在青藏高原区,由东南向西北,各土壤类型斑块镶嵌结构的稳定性指数总体变大;(6)就中国土壤类型的空间分布而言,中国土壤类型斑块空间分布的几何属性对其分维大小可能有直接的影响。 |
| 关 键 词： | 分形 分维 土壤 空间分布 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2004-07-12 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004-07-122005-06-06 |
FRACTAL AND FRACTAL DIMENSION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHINA SOIL SYSTEM |
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| Zhu Xiaohu,Yang Xiuchun and Cai Yunlong.FRACTAL AND FRACTAL DIMENSION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHINA SOIL SYSTEM[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(6):881-888. | |
| Authors: | Zhu Xiaohu Yang Xiuchun and Cai Yunlong |
| Institution: | Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;Department of Resource & Environment & Geography, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
| Abstract: | B.B.Mandelbrot enunciated the concepts of fractal and fractal dimension in 1967.They have found application in a variety of fields ever since.Fractal theory is a new method to observe and explain the complexity and mechanism of nature.Although fractal dimensions of lots of phenomena were calculated,related studies on fractal characters of soils of China are seldom seen.This issue is discussed in this paper.Some significant conclusions are drawn: (1) A certain relationship between perimeter and area of soil patches objectively exists for soils in China.(2) Fractal dimensions of soils of China are calculated.It is the biggest with the cold desert soil being 1.952 4,and the smallest with the gray desert soil, being 1.158 2.(3) The fractal dimensions of soils of China tend to increase from the south to the northeast and northwest of the country,showing a rising trend with the topography rising from southeast to northwest,in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.(4) The stability of spatial structure is the highest with the cold desert soil and the smallest with the gray-cinnamonic soil.(5) The stability of spatial structure of soil type declines from South China to Northeast China,but rises from the southeast to the northwest in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.(6) Physical mechanism of the spatial fractal structure of the soils of China is also revealed.It is indicated that the average indexes of number and shape of soil patches are the most important factors which influence spatial fractal structure of the soils.In other words,the spatial fractal structures of soils are mainly influenced by geometric characteristic of the spatial pattern of soils. |
| Keywords: | Fractal Fractal dimension Soil Spatial distribution China |
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