| 透光抚育对长白山“栽针保阔”红松林群落结构和凋落物影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张晓亮,牟琦,牟长城,张小单,庄宸,韩阳瑞.透光抚育对长白山“栽针保阔”红松林群落结构和凋落物影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014(3):818-822. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张晓亮 牟琦 牟长城 张小单 庄宸 韩阳瑞 |
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| 作者单位： | 东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨,150040;北京师范大学,北京,100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“十二五”农村领域科技计划课题（2012BAD2180202-03）. |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]为加快阔叶红松林恢复,完善"栽针保阔"恢复理论体系,并为阔叶红松林恢复实践提供科学依据。方法]运用采伐试验方法,研究上层透光抚育(对照-栽针未采伐、轻度采伐-25%、中度采伐-50%、强度采伐-75%、皆伐-100%,采伐强度是指蓄积比例)对长白山中期(33年)"栽针保阔"红松林群落结构、群落蓄积量及凋落物的影响规律。结果]①随着择伐强度增大,红松的重要值逐渐上升(0.364%~0.732%),红松在群落中的优势地位逐渐上升,而阔叶树种重要值却不断下降。②轻、中度择伐较对照凋落物量(6.11±0.42~7.45±0.79 t/hm2)显著提高了8.6%和13.7%(P0.05),强度择伐和皆伐降低1.2%和6.7%,但仅皆伐降低显著(P0.05);对于凋落物碳储量,中度择伐使其凋落物碳储量(2.13±0.39~2.82±0.37 t/hm2)较对照提高19.5%(P0.05),皆伐使其降低9.8%(P0.05)。③皆伐、强度择伐、中度择伐和轻度择伐蓄积量(221.2~260.6 m3/hm2)较对照群落分别提高了26.9%、19.5%、15.9%和7.7%,且均与对照之间存在显著差异(P0.05)。而对于红松蓄积量(36.6~184.4 m3/hm2),皆伐、强度择伐、中度择伐、轻度择伐依次较照样地提高了5.0、4.1、2.8、1.9倍,且均与对照有显著差异(P0.05)。结论]从促进林分稳定性、维持凋落碳储量及提高森林的生态效益综合考虑,采伐强度应以中低度透光方式为宜。
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| 关 键 词： | 透光抚育 “栽针保阔”红松林 群落结构 凋落物 蓄积量 |
Effects of Liberation Felling on Structure and Litter of the Korean Pine Forests by Planting Conifer and Reserving Broad-leaved Trees in Changbai Mountains of China |
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| Institution: | ZHANG Xiao-liang et al (Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040) |
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| Abstract: | Objective] In order to accelerate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forests restoration, consummate the restoration of theoretical system about Korean pine forest by planting conifer and reserving broad-leaved tree, provide scientific basis for broad-leaved Korean pine for- ests restoration practice. Method] The effects of liberation cutting on community structure, litter biomass and stock volume from the mid-term （33-year-old） Korean pine forest restored by an approach of planting conifer and reserving broad-leaved tree was studied by using crown thinning control test method in Changbai Mountains of China. Five levels of cutting intensities were taken, which were no cutting-control, low- intensity selective cutting -25%, moderate-intensity selective cutting -50% and heavy-intensity selective cutting -75%, clear cutting - 100% （cutting intensity refer to the ratio of stock volume）. Result] ①Important Value of Korean pine increased graduall（0. 364 -0. 732） along with the increasing of crown thinning and the predominant position of Korean Pine increased gradually, but Important Value of broad-leaf species decreased gradually. ②Compared to CK, low-intensity selective cutting and moderate-intensity selective cutting made the Litter bio- mass （6.11 ±0.42 -7.45 ± 0.79 t/hm2） increase by 8.6% and 13.7% （P 〈 0.05）, while heavy-intensity selective cutting and clear cut- ting made it decrease by 1.2% and 6.7% respectively, and clear cutting had significant difference. For the litter carbon storage, Moderate- intensity selective cutting made the litter carbon storage （2.13 ±0.39 - 2.82±0.37 t/hm^2 ） increase by 19.5% than that of CK （ P 〈 0.05 ）, while clear cutting reduced it by 9.8% （P 〈 0.05）. ③Compared to CK, low-intensity selective cutting, moderate-intensity selective cutting, heavy-intensity selective cutting and clear cutting made Stock volume （221.2 - 260.6 m^3/hm^2 ） increase by 26.9% , 19.5% , 15.9% and 7.7% respectively（ P 〈 0.05 ）. For Korean pine volume （ 36.6 - 184.4 m^3/hm^2 ）, low-intensity selective cutting, moderate-intensity selec- tive cutting, heavy-intensity selective cutting and clear cutting made Korean pine volume increase by 5.0, 4.1, 2.8, 1.9 times than that of CK respectively（P 〈0.05）. Conclusion] So low-intensity selective cutting and moderate-intensity selective cutting should be adopted to ac- celerate the stand stability, maintain litter carbon storage and promote forest ecological benefits for this kind of Korean pine forest. |
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| Keywords: | Crown thinning Korean pine forests formed by planting conifer and protecting broad-leaved species Community structure Lit-ter Stand volume |
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