| 秸秆还田与优化施氮改善烤烟根际土壤碳氮转化及氮素吸收 |
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| 引用本文： | 林昌华,张士荣,王军,丁效东.秸秆还田与优化施氮改善烤烟根际土壤碳氮转化及氮素吸收[J].热带作物学报,2020,41(1):15-23. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林昌华 张士荣 王军 丁效东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 韶关学院英东农业科学与工程学院,广东韶关 5120052. 青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛 2661093. 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所,广东南雄 512400 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(No.31201693);2019年广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(“大专项+任务清单”项目)韶科[2019]101号;韶关市2015年科技计划项目(韶科[2015]72号) |
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| 摘 要： | 针对华南沙泥田烟区氮肥过量施用导致烟叶品质下降的问题,拟通过秸秆还田与氮肥优化配施调节烤烟各生育期氮吸收、根际土壤碳氮转化及相关酶的活性。试验采用随机区组设计,设水稻秸秆还田与氮肥两因素,其中3个碳（秸秆还田）水平：C0,无秸秆还田,0 kg/hm 2;C1,中量秸秆还田,4500 kg/hm 2;C2,全部秸秆还田,9000 kg/hm 2;2个氮水平：N1,传统施氮,169.50 kg/hm 2;N2,优化施氮,105.00 kg/hm 2。结果表明,与N1相比,N2处理秸秆还田下烤烟前期烟叶和根系氮吸收和累积正常,而后期有所下降;C1、C2处理时,与现蕾期相比,成熟期时根系氮含量均降低4.2 g/kg,叶片氮含量降低3.8、3.0 g/kg;成熟期时,与N1处理相比,N2处理时C1、C2处理的土壤无机氮含量降低30.4%、20.0%,前期2个氮处理间土壤无机氮含量无差异,优化施氮下中量秸秆还田（C1N2）处理烤烟土壤NH4 +-N含量在整个生育期内较高且呈降低趋势,而硝态氮和土壤无机氮含量在成熟期最低,表明中量秸秆还田下优化施氮能够维持生育前期土壤无机氮含量,且降低成熟期土壤无机氮含量。2个秸秆还田量处理时,团棵期N2处理的土壤转化酶活性是N1处理的1.30、1.13倍;旺长期土壤转化酶活性是N1处理的1.27、1.10倍;与传统施氮相比,秸秆还田下优化施氮处理增加了整个生育期土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。在中量秸秆还田（C1）处理下,与N1水平相比,现蕾期和成熟期的N2处理土壤水溶性碳含量提高11.2%和14.1%;与N1相比,N2处理的土壤微生物量氮含量呈降低趋势。综上所述,优化施氮耦合中量秸秆还田（C1N2）能够提高土壤水溶性碳含量,维持土壤氮素合理供应,稳定烤烟生育前期对氮素吸收与累积,减少生育后期烟叶氮素奢侈吸收,与烤烟吸氮规律比较吻合。
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| 关 键 词： | 华南地区 酶活性 微生物量碳氮 硝态氮 铵态氮 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-05-29 |
Straw Returning and Optimized Nitrogen Application Improved Nitrogen Uptake,Soil C and N Transformation of Flue-cured Tobacco |
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| LIN Changhua,ZHANG Shirong,WANG Jun,DING Xiaodong.Straw Returning and Optimized Nitrogen Application Improved Nitrogen Uptake,Soil C and N Transformation of Flue-cured Tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2020,41(1):15-23. |
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| Authors: | LIN Changhua ZHANG Shirong WANG Jun DING Xiaodong |
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| Institution: | 1. Henry Fok School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512005, China2. College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China3. Nanxiong Tobacco Science Institute, Guangdong Tobacco Technology Center, Nanxiong, Guangdong 512400, China |
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| Abstract: | Focusing on the problem of tobacco leaf quality decline caused by excessive nitrogen application in sandy soil in South China,the effects of straw returning and optimized nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen uptake,the soil carbon,nitrogen conversion and soil enzyme activities in different stages of tobacco were studied in field.The experiment was set up by a randomized block design with two factors of rice straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer,namely N1,traditional nitrogen fertilization with 169.50 kg/hm^2;N2,optimized nitrogen fertilization with 105.00 kg/hm^2;C0,0 kg/hm^2;C1,half returning with 4500 kg/hm^2;C2,full returning with 9000 kg/hm^2.The results showed that compared with N1,N uptake and accumulation of tobacco leaves and roots under N2 level was similar in the early stage,but decreased in the later stage when straws with two rates returned to field.Compared with budding stage,N content in roots in N2C1 and N2C2 treatments both decreased by 4.2 g/kg,and N content in leaves decreased by 3.8 g/kg and 3.0 g/kg at maturity stage,respectively.Compared with N1,soil inorganic N content in N2C1 and N2C2 treatments at maturity stage decreased by 30.4%and 20.0%respectively,and those at maturity stage had no difference between N2 and N.The soil NH4+-N content in N2C1 treatment was higher and decreased during the whole growth period,while soil nitrate and inorganic N content were the lowest in the maturity stage,which indicated that the optimum application of medium straw treatment(N2C1)could maintain the content of inorganic N in soil at the early growth stage and reduce at the maturity stage.Compared with N1,the soil invertase activity in N2C1 and N2C2 treatments was 1.30 and 1.13 times as that in N1C1 and N1C2 treatments at the head stage,respectively,and that was 1.27 and 1.10 times at the rapid growing stage,respectively.Compared with N1,optimized N application under two straws returning reduced soil urease,phosphatase and catalase activities during the whole growth period.Under medium straw returning(C1),compared with N1,soil water-soluble carbon content in N2 at budding and maturity stage increased by 11.2%and 14.1%,respectively,and soil microbial biomass nitrogen content in N2 showed a decreasing trend compared with N1.In conclusion,optimized nitrogen application coupled with medium straw returning(C1N2)could improve soil water-soluble carbon content,maintain the rational supply of soil nitrogen,stabilize the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen in early growth stage of flue-cured tobacco,and reduce the luxury absorption of nitrogen in mature stage of tobacco,which was consistent with the regular pattern of N uptake of Flue-cured tobacco. |
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| Keywords: | South China enzyme activity microbial biomass C and nitrogen NO3^?-N NH4^+-N |
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