| 麦类作物含R基因组3个物种核型及进化关系分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 姚锐,任学军,李明昊,杨梦涵,郭振清,高慧,林小虎.麦类作物含R基因组3个物种核型及进化关系分析[J].种子,2020(6):14-18. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姚锐 任学军 李明昊 杨梦涵 郭振清 高慧 林小虎 |
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| 作者单位： | 河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2017 YFD 0300908-3)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 对含R基因组的3种麦类作物进行了核型进化关系比较,采用根尖压片法和显微摄影技术获得染色体有丝分裂图像。结果表明,二倍体黑麦染色体相对长度范围为10.36%~16.92%,核型属于1 A型,核型公式为2 n=2 x=14=10 m+4 sm(2 SAT),核型不对称系数为58.08%,属于较为对称类型;六倍体小黑麦染色体相对长度范围为3.50%~6.02%,核型属于2 A型,核型公式为2 n=6 x=42=2 M+34 m+6 sm,核型不对称系数为57.91%,属较为对称类型;八倍体小黑麦染色体相对长度范围为2.45%~4.62%,核型属于2 A型,核型公式为2 n=8 x=56=6 M+44 m+6 sm,核型不对称系数为56.44%,属于较为对称类型。同时,依据Stebbins的核型进化理论和分支系统学的编序、赋值方法,对核型的4个重要性状进行分析,进化指数结果表明,在这3个物种中二倍体黑麦进化程度较低,六倍体小黑麦和八倍体小黑麦进化程度相对较高。
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| 关 键 词： | 二倍体黑麦 六倍体小黑麦 八倍体小黑麦 核型分析 进化 |
Karyotype and Evolutionary Relationship Analysis of Three R Genome-containing Wheat Species |
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| YAO Rui,REN Xuejun,LI Minghao,YANG Menghan,GUO Zhenqing,GAO Hui,LIN Xiaohu.Karyotype and Evolutionary Relationship Analysis of Three R Genome-containing Wheat Species[J].Seed,2020(6):14-18. |
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| Authors: | YAO Rui REN Xuejun LI Minghao YANG Menghan GUO Zhenqing GAO Hui LIN Xiaohu |
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| Institution: | (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Qinhuangdao Hebei 066004,China) |
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| Abstract: | To compare the karyotype evolutionary relationship of three wheat crops with R genome,the root tip squash method and microphotography were used to analyze the images of chromosome mitosis.The results showed that the relative length of chromosomes of diploid rye ranged from 10.36%to 16.92%and the karyotype belonged to type 1 A;the karyotype formula was 2 n=2 x=14=10 m+4 sm(2 SAT)and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 58.08%which indicated diploid rye belonged to the relatively symmetric type.Synchronously,the relative length of chromosomes of hexaploid rye ranged from 3.50%to 6.02%and the karyotype belonged to type 2 A;the karyotype formula was 2 n=6 x=42=2 M+34 m+6 sm and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 57.91%which indicated hexaploid rye also belonged to the relatively symmetric type.Additionally,the relative length of chromosomes of octaploid rye ranged from 2.45%to 4.62%and the karyotype belonged to type 2 A;the karyotype formula was 2 n=8 x=56=6 M+44 m+6 sm and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 56.44%which indicated octaploid rye likewise belonged to the relatively symmetric type.At the same time,according to Stebbins'theory of karyotype evolution and the method of sequencing and assignment of cladistics,four important traits of karyotypes were analyzed,and the results of evolution index showed that diploid rye had a lower degree of evolution,while hexaploid rye and octaploid rye had a higher degree of evolution. |
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| Keywords: | diploid rye hexaploid triticale octoploid triticale karyotype analysis evolution |
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