Biogeography and biophysicochemical traits link N2O emissions,N2O emission potential and microbial communities across New Zealand pasture soils |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;2. Soil & Earth Sciences Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;3. Ecosystems and Global Change Team, Landcare Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;1. Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China;2. Changzhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Changzhou, China;1. School of Biological Sciences and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr. MC6509, Carbondale, IL 62901;2. Dep. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS;3. Kansas Biological Survey;1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Saedaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea;2. Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | The process of denitrification has been studied for decades, with current evidence suggesting that an ecosystem's ability to produce and emit N2O is controlled both by transient ‘proximal’ regulators (e.g. temperature, moisture, N availability) as well as distal regulators (e.g. soil type, microbial functional diversity, geography). In this study we use New Zealand soils as a model system to test the impact of distal regulators (i.e. geography) on microbial communities and their N2O emission potential. Using gas chromatography, soil chemical analyses, 16S amplicon sequencing, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) on three denitrifier functional genes (nirS, nirK and nosZ), we assessed the factors linked to N2O emissions across a latitudinal gradient. Results show that soil drainage class, soil texture class, and latitude were powerful regulators of both emissions and emission end products (N2 vs. N2O). Mixed models demonstrate that a few variables (including latitude, texture class, drainage class and denitrifier community data abundance and diversity] amongst others) were enough to predict both the amount and type of gas emitted. In addition we show that microbial community composition (based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing) can also be used to predict both the gas species and quantity emitted. |
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| Keywords: | Denitrification Biogeography Greenhouse gases Nitrous oxide 16S rRNA Functional genes |
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