Earthworm ecosystem service and dis-service in an N-enriched agroecosystem: Increase of plant production leads to no effects on yield-scaled N2O emissions |
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| Institution: | 1. Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People''s Republic of China;2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People''s Republic of China;3. Suzhou Kanglv Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215155, People''s Republic of China;1. Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 260000, China;2. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China;3. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China;4. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin''an, Hangzhou, 311300, China;5. The College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China;1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China;2. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China;1. Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA;2. Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-3001, USA;3. Department of Biology, Miami University, 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056, USA;4. Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816-2368, USA;5. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-2152, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;4. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;5. Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China;6. School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;7. College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangzhou 510642, China;8. Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510260 China;9. Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-1910, USA;10. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China |
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| Abstract: | Earthworms can enhance plant productivity by promoting nitrogen (N) mineralization in N-limited agroecosystems and may also enhance the risk of N2O emissions and leaching in N-enriched agroecosystems. However, direct evidence demonstrating the enhancement by earthworms of N2O emissions and leaching in the field is scarce, particularly in intensively managed systems. In addition, the interaction of earthworm feeding strategies and organic amendment may profoundly modulate N cycling. We examined these impacts using two earthworm species with distinct ecological strategies (epigeic Eisenia foetida and endogeic Metaphire guillemi) in combination with two manure application methods (surface mulch and incorporation into the soil) in a field experiment. Our results demonstrated that earthworm addition significantly increased the crop yield by 18%–47% and cumulative N2O emissions by 19%–25% largely regardless of earthworm species and manure application methods, respectively. However, earthworms did not significantly increase the leachate concentration. Earthworm-induced N2O emissions were primarily attributed to increased soil N availability ( and microbial biomass N) and carbon (C) availability (dissolved organic C). In contrast, a stepwise regression revealed that an earthworm-promoted soil macroaggregation exerted negative effects on N2O emissions. Irrespective of earthworm species and manure application methods, earthworms had no stimulatory effects on the yield-scaled N2O–N because the promotion of crop productivity counteracted the extent of N2O increase. In conclusion, understanding the trade-off between earthworm services and dis-services will contribute to the development of environmentally justified soil management by allowing the full utilization of biological resources. |
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| Keywords: | Soil fauna Organic amendment Nitrous oxide Nitrate leaching |
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