| 施硅提高干湿交替条件下番茄节水性及产量和品质 |
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| 引用本文： | 曹逼力,张志焕,徐坤.施硅提高干湿交替条件下番茄节水性及产量和品质[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(22):127-134. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曹逼力 张志焕 徐坤 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,泰安,271018 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心引导性课题;山东省现代农业产业技术创新体系专项资金（SDAIT05-05）;"双一流"奖补资金资助（SYL2017YSTD06）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 硅在提高作物抗旱性中具有重要作用。干湿交替灌溉是通过对植物根系施加干旱处理,来诱导自身的干旱调节潜能的一种节水增产技术。关于节水灌溉影响作物生理特性的研究,结论不尽相同。干湿交替的灌溉方式是否适应于番茄栽培,且在该灌溉技术下施硅对番茄产量品质有何影响,鲜见报道。为探讨干湿交替条件下施硅对番茄的影响,采用潮汐式灌溉系统模拟干湿交替的灌溉方式,研究了干湿交替条件下硅对番茄植株硅质量分数、植株生长、果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明,营养液加硅使番茄根、茎、叶、果的硅质量分数分别提高494%、444%、246%、631%。在番茄幼苗期至开花坐果期,采用干湿交替的灌溉方式利于控制长势、培育壮苗,但结果前期至结果后期,尤其盛果期,则不宜采用干湿交替的灌溉方式。干湿交替造成了番茄的严重减产及番茄红素质量分数、维生素C质量分数、可滴定酸质量分数的下降,但显著提高番茄果实的可溶性蛋白质量分数、游离氨基酸质量分数、可溶性固形物质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数、可滴定酸质量分数、果实硬度、糖酸比,尤其糖酸比提高了30%,而施硅可缓解干湿交替对番茄生长发育后期果实产量和品质的不利影响。总之,干湿交替下施硅,在促进番茄稳产优质协调形成的前提下,可节水23%。该研究探讨了多变低水条件下硅的调控效应,丰富了硅提高植物抗旱性的理论内容,研究结果对实现合理节水并提高番茄商品率具有重要的意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 硅酸盐 灌溉 果实 干湿交替 产量 品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/6/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/10/14 0:00:00 |
Silicon improving water conservation, yield and quality of tomato under alternate wetting and drying condition |
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| Cao Bili,Zhang Zhihuan and Xu Kun.Silicon improving water conservation, yield and quality of tomato under alternate wetting and drying condition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(22):127-134. |
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| Authors: | Cao Bili Zhang Zhihuan and Xu Kun |
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| Institution: | College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai''an 271018, China,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai''an 271018, China and College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai''an 271018, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Silicon plays an important role in improving crop drought resistance. The irrigation of alternate wetting and drying condition is a method that can achieve the goal of saving water resources and increasing production, through the inducement of the drought regulation potential by exposure of the plant roots to drought stress. Signal feedback control in the root zone can be performed adequately under alternate wetting and drying condition, and therefore physiological water conservation can be achieved. However, the conclusions on the effects of water-saving irrigation on the physiological characteristics of crops are different. With regard to the research about applicability of alternative irrigation method on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation. In order to investigate the impacts of application of exogenous silicon on tomato under alternate wetting and drying condition, the effects of silicon on the silicon mass fraction in plant, plant growth, fruit yield and quality of tomato under alternate wetting and drying condition simulated. The simulation system was achieved by the use of a self-designed ebb-and-flow irrigation system. The results showed that the application of exogenous silicon in culture solution resulted in the increase of silicon mass fraction in tomato plants. The silicon mass fraction of tomato roots, stems, leaves and fruits increased by 494%, 444%, 246% and 631%, respectively. During the period of seedling stage and the period of flowering and fruit bearing stage of tomato, the irrigation of alternate wetting and drying condition can be used to control the growth and nurture strong seedlings. From the period of early fruiting stage to the period of later fruiting stage of tomato, especially fruit flourish stage, it is not appropriate to use the irrigation of alternate wetting and drying condition. Dry and wet alternation resulted in a serious decline in tomato production and a decline in lycopene mass fraction, vitamine C mass fraction, titratable acid mass fraction, but significantly improved other quality indicators of tomato fruit, such as soluble protein mass fraction, free amino acids mass fraction, soluble solid mass fraction, soluble sugar mass fraction, titratable acid mass fraction, fruit rigidity, sugar-acid ratio. Especially, sugar and acid ratio increased by 30%. The application of exogenous silicon can alleviate the adverse effects of alternate wetting and drying condition on fruit yield and quality in the late growth and development period of tomato. To this end, the combination of the irrigation of alternate wetting and drying condition and the application of exogenous silicon, in the promotion of stable production of tomatoes under the premise of high quality, can cause water conservation up to 23%. Based on this study, how exogenous silicon regulated the yield and quality of tomato under the condition of alternate wetting and drying was investigated, and the role of exogenous silicon in mediating changes of some physiological parameters of tomato planted under variable water conditions was made a thorough inquiry. The theoretical contents that refer to how exogenous silicon improved plant drought resistance were expanded. Irrigation method of alternate wetting and drying condition in tomato water-saving cultivation was further optimized. The result of this paper is of great significance to a reasonable water saving and to the improvement of the commodity rate of tomato. |
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| Keywords: | silicates irrigation furits alternate wetting and drying condition yield quality |
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