| 北京地区等高草篱防治坡耕地水土流失效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 喻定芳,戴全厚,王庆海,肖 波.北京地区等高草篱防治坡耕地水土流失效果[J].农业工程,2010(12):89-96. |
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| 作者姓名： | 喻定芳 戴全厚 王庆海 肖 波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1．贵州大学林学院，贵阳 550025;1．贵州大学林学院，贵阳 550025;2．北京市农林科学院草业与环境研究发展中心，北京 100097;2．北京市农林科学院草业与环境研究发展中心，北京 100097 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市科技新星（2009B25）；北京市自然科学基金（8102015）；北京市农林科学院青年基金（2009）；黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金（10501-239） |
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| 摘 要： | 在北京地区采用自然降雨和模拟降雨相结合的方法，研究了狼尾草和野古草两种等高草篱在不同坡度（5%、10%、15%、20%）下对裸露坡耕地水土流失的影响。结果一致表明，狼尾草和野古草2种草篱均可显著降低坡耕地水土流失，且狼尾草草篱的效果显著好于野古草草篱。在自然降雨下（平均雨强13.3 mm/h），狼尾草草篱可减少72.7%的地表径流和86.3%的土壤流失，野古草草篱可减少53.8%的地表径流和64.1%的土壤流失；在模拟降雨下（平均雨强49.5 mm/h），狼尾草草篱可减少80.7%的地表径流和94.5%的土壤流失，野古草草篱可减少59.5%的地表径流和71.5%的土壤流失。另外，2种等高草篱防治水土流失的效果与坡度成显著负相关关系，随坡度增加2种草篱的水土保持功能逐渐减弱，但至20%坡度时，其对径流和土壤流失的降低作用仍维持在40%和50%以上。回归分析结果显示，草篱因素已经超过坡度和雨强，成为控制坡耕地水土流失的首要因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 降雨，侵蚀，护坡，水土流失治理，坡耕地，等高草篱 |
| 收稿时间： | 2/5/2010 12:00:00 AM |
Effects of contour grass hedges on soil and water losses of sloping cropland in Beijing |
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| Yu Dingfang,Dai Quanhou,Wang Qinghai and Xiao Bo.Effects of contour grass hedges on soil and water losses of sloping cropland in Beijing[J].Agricultural Engineering,2010(12):89-96. |
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| Authors: | Yu Dingfang Dai Quanhou Wang Qinghai and Xiao Bo |
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| Abstract: | The soil and water conservation effects of pennisetum (Pennisetum alopecuroides (Linn.) Spreng) and Arundinella (Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) C.Tanaka) grass hedges were studied under simulated rainfall and natural rainfall on fallow sloping lands (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The results showed that the runoff and soil loss were significant reduced by arundinella and pennisetum hedges, and the decreasing degree of pennisetum hedges was higher than that of arundinella hedges. Under natural rainfall (average rainfall intensity was 13.3 mm/h), the runoff and soil loss on plots with pennisetum hedges were decreased by 72.7% and 86.3% respectively, and on plots with arundinella hedges were decreased by 53.8% and 64.1% respectively. Under simulated rainfall (average rainfall intensity was 49.5 mm/h), the runoff and soil loss of plots with pennisetum hedges were decreased by 80.7% and 94.5% respectively, and on plots with arundinella hedges were decreased by 59.5% and 71.5% respectively. In addition, there was a negative relationship between slope gradient and corresponding soil and water conservation effects. The function of two grass hedges in preventing soil and water loss gradually decreased with the increasing of slope gradient. However, the protective functions of grass hedges could keep above 40% for runoff and 50% for soil loss. According to the results of optimal scaling regression, the presence of grass hedges had become the dominant factors followed by slope gradient and rainfall intensity in controlling soil and water loss on sloping croplands. The results can provide references for the application of grass hedges technique and protection of soil and water loss on sloping croplands in Beijing or Northern China. |
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| Keywords: | rain erosion slope protection control of soil and water loss sloping cropland contour grass hedges |
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