| 红壤旱地长期试验肥力演变及玉米效应研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 戴茨华,王劲松,代平.红壤旱地长期试验肥力演变及玉米效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1051-1056. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戴茨华 王劲松 代平 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.云南省曲靖市土肥站,云南曲靖 655000; |
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| 摘 要： | 采用长期定位试验研究方法，探讨高原旱地红壤施N、NP、NM、NPM和NPK对红壤肥力演变、养分供给能力及玉米的效应。结果表明，N处理8年玉米绝收；NP处理前期比施N增产，长期施用不稳产，至23年绝收；NPM处理玉米产量由试验前10年的4628 kg/hm2，增加到后10年的6875 kg/hm2，增产2247 kg/hm2；在NP基础上施K2O 112.5 kg/hm2的NP+K处理，比施NP增产2264 kg/hm2。说明配施增产效果明显，但长期只施NP会导致其它元素失衡不能稳产。有机肥和NP配施，显著增加土壤有机质含量，红壤28年不施有机肥，有机质含量不下降，年施有机肥30000 kg/hm2，不施化学钾肥，也能维持钾素平衡。长期不施化学钾或有机肥导致钾素枯竭。红壤磷素自然供给能力极低，仅为3.6～15.7%，施磷显著增加速效磷含量，施磷或有机肥提高磷素自然供给能力。NP处理11年不施钾，钾素自然供给能力由35%～68%降低为11.09%～23.2%。
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| 关 键 词： | 高原红壤旱地 长期施肥试验 肥力演变 玉米效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-6-27 |
Soil fertility evolution and its effects on maize production in a long-term experiment on red soil |
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| DAI Ci-hua,WANG Jin-song,DAI Ping.Soil fertility evolution and its effects on maize production in a long-term experiment on red soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(5):1051-1056. |
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| Authors: | DAI Ci-hua WANG Jin-song DAI Ping |
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| Institution: | 1.Soil and Fertilizer Station of Qujing of Yunnan Province,Qujing 655000,China;
2 Agricultural Product Quality Examination Center of Qilin of Yunnan Province,Qujing 655000,China; |
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| Abstract: | Based on the characteristics of red soil in the Yungui Plateau, a 30 year field experiment was carried in the Qujing of Yunnan province to study soil fertility evolution and its effects on maize production by applying N, NP, NM, NPM and NPK fertilizers. The result show that maize grain yields of the N treatment are not harvested after the 8 year N fertilization, the yields of the NP treatment are larger than those of the N treatment at the early years, are not stable for the long term application and are not harvested after the 23 year NP fertilization. The yield of the NPM treatment is 6875 kg/ha in the last 10 years which is about 4628 kg/ha higher than the yield of the first 10 years. The NPK treatment is the application of 112.5 K2O kg/ha on the basis of the NP treatment. The yield of the NPK treatment is about 2264 kg/ha higher than that of the NP treatment, and indicates that there is a great increase. Soil organic matter content is not decreased in the non-organic fertilization for 28 years, while, it is significantly increased by applying organic manure and NP fertilizers. Potassium is balanced when the organic manure application amount is 30 t/ha (without chemical potassium application). However, the depletion of potassium occurs when there is no chemical potassium or organic manure applications. Soil available phosphorus is significantly increased when there is P fertilization. The natural P supply capacity of the red soil is extremely low with 3.6%–15.7%. The soil P supply capacity is 3.6%–15.7% without P fertilization or organic manure application, and is increased with P fertilization or organic manure application. The P supply capacity is decreased from 35%–68% to 11.09%–23.2% for the 11year NP application. |
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| Keywords: | red soil of highlands long-term field experiment fertility evolution maize nutrient supply capacity |
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