| 抽穗和灌浆早期高温对耐热性不同籼稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因 |
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| 引用本文： | 曹云英,段骅,杨立年,王志琴,刘立军,杨建昌.抽穗和灌浆早期高温对耐热性不同籼稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因[J].作物学报,2009,35(3):512-521. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曹云英 段骅 杨立年 王志琴 刘立军 杨建昌 |
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| 作者单位： | 1扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州2250009;2南通大学生命科学学院,江苏南通226007 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金，江苏省自然科学基金，国家科技攻关计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 选用4个耐热性不同的籼稻品种，分别于抽穗(始穗后0~10 d)和灌浆早期(始穗后11~20 d)进行高温(白天温度>33℃)处理，以同期自然温度(白天温度<30℃)为对照，研究高温对产量的影响及其生理机制。结果表明，与对照相比，高温处理显著降低热敏感品种的花粉可育率、受精率，而耐热品种与对照无显著差异。高温胁迫明显降低热敏感品种的结实率，导致产量显著下降，且抽穗期高温处理影响大于灌浆早期处理。高温胁迫显著增加耐热品种黄华占叶片的抗氧化酶活性，对热敏感品种影响不大。高温胁迫显著降低热敏感品种籽粒ATP酶活性，耐热品种结果则相反。高温处理增加两类品种叶片温度和丙二醛(MDA)含量，降低根系活力和叶片光合速率，耐热品种增降的幅度显著小于热敏感品种。在高温胁迫下较低的叶片温度，较强的根系活力和抗氧化保护系统能力及较高的籽粒ATP酶活性是耐热性品种保持较高产量的重要生理原因，也是耐热品种的重要生理特征。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 高温 产量 耐热性 生理机制 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-06-27 |
Effect of High Temperature during Heading and Early Grain Filling on Grain Yield of Indica Rice Cultivars Differing in Heat-Tolerance and Its Physiological Mechanism |
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| CAO yun-Ying,DUAN Hua,YANG Li-Nian,WANG Zhi-Qin,LIU Li-Jun,YANG Jian-Chang.Effect of High Temperature during Heading and Early Grain Filling on Grain Yield of Indica Rice Cultivars Differing in Heat-Tolerance and Its Physiological Mechanism[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(3):512-521. |
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| Authors: | CAO yun-Ying DUAN Hua YANG Li-Nian WANG Zhi-Qin LIU Li-Jun YANG Jian-Chang |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009,China;2.College of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226007,China |
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| Abstract: | Heading/flowering and early grain filling are the most stress-sensitive periods in rice growth and development. However, little is known how heat-stress during these periods affects the yield formation. This study investigated pollen development, yield components, and some physiological parameters under high temperature treatments during heading and early grain filling. Four indica rice cultivars, Shuanggui 1 and T219 (heat-sensitive), Huanghuazhan and T226 (heat-tolerant), were pot-grown and subjected to high temperature treatments (the mean temperature during the day > 33℃) during heading/flowering (0–10 d after heading) and early grain filling (11–20 d after heading), and the natural temperature (the mean temperature during the day < 30℃) was taken as the control. The results showed that the high temperature treatment significantly reduced pollen and spikelet fertility rate in heat-sensitive cultivars, and not in heat-tolerant cultivars compared with the control. Seed-setting rate was significantly decreased under the high temperature for heat-sensitive cultivars, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield, with a more reduction under the treatment during heading than during early grain filling. It was less affected for heat-tolerant cultivars. The heat-stress treatment significantly increased activities of enzymes involved in antioxidant system in leaves for the heat-tolerant cultivars, while it much less affected for heat-sensitive cultivars. The high temperature significantly reduced ATPase activity in grains for the heat-sensitive cultivars, and the result was reversed for the heat-tolerant ones. The high temperature increased leaf-temperature and malonyldialdehyde content in leaves，and reduced root activity and the photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf for both kinds of cultivars, butthe increase or reduction was less for heat-tolerant cultivars than for heat-sensitive cultivars. These results suggested that lower leaf-temperature, higher root activity, higher ATPase activity in grains, and higher photosynthetic rate and activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves would be important physiological traits leading to a higher grain yield for a heat-tolerant rice cultivar. |
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| Keywords: | Rice High temperature Grain yield Heat-tolerance Physiological mechanism |
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