| 三尖杉短周期药用林高产栽培技术研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘标志.三尖杉短周期药用林高产栽培技术研究[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(5):641-646. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘标志 |
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| 作者单位： | 福建省林业科学技术推广总站,福建,福州,350003 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对三尖杉生长缓慢的生物学特性,设置了有关苗木培育、幼林栽培和采收利用等试验,并结合生产经验,研究了三尖杉优质苗木培育、短周期药用林高产栽培和采收利用技术体系.试验结果表明,通过及时催芽和提早至3月进行点播,出苗后适时遮阳(透光率为自然光照的10%),及加强水肥管理和病虫害防治等技术,可突破1年生苗木生长慢的技术瓶颈,可使大面积培育的三尖杉苗木平均苗高达20 cm,平均地径达0.45 cm.选用药用优良种源和品种,配套科学的栽培技术措施可实现三尖杉短周期药用林高产栽培.若利用山地经营,可选择在Ⅰ、Ⅱ类立地的残次阔叶林林冠下或地形隐蔽、东向的山垅旱地,采用苗高21～25 cm,地径0.40 cm以上的Ⅰ、Ⅱ级优质苗造林,残次阔叶树要求林冠透光率在55%左右.林冠下栽植和山垅旱地造林的适宜密度分别为1m×0.3 m和0.3 m×0.3 m;若利用农田庇荫设施栽培,应选用苗高15～20 am,地径0.30 cm以上规格的苗木栽植,栽植密度为0.3 m×0.3 m,遮阳透光率在50%左右.苗木栽种后须加强幼林抚育和病虫害防治及配比施用N肥、P肥或K肥等.利用农田设施栽培和山地种植的三尖杉药用林,可分别于栽植后第3～4年和第4～6年秋冬季进行枝叶采收、截干采收和全株采收,截干采收时截干高度以10 cm最佳.
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| 关 键 词： | 三尖杉 苗木培育 药用林 栽培 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008/12/29 0:00:00 |
Study on H igh yield Cultivation Technology of ShortRotationMedical Plantation of Cephalotaxus fortunei |
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| PAN Biao-zhi.Study on H igh yield Cultivation Technology of ShortRotationMedical Plantation of Cephalotaxus fortunei[J].Forest Research,2009,22(5):641-646. |
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| Authors: | PAN Biao-zhi |
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| Institution: | Extend ing Cen ter for Forestry Sc ience and Techno logy of Fu j ian P rovin ce, Fu zhou 350003, Fu jian, Ch ina |
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| Abstract: | Considering the slow grow th rate o f Cephalotaxus furtunei, field trials were conducted including seed lingfostering, plantation cultivat ion asw ell as harvestingmode to establish systematic technique including nursing o f superseedlings, cult ivation of short period, high y ield officinal plantat ion o f C. furtunei. Through time ly acce lerat inggerm ination, early sow ing, t imely shading a fter germ ination ( 10% intensity o f the sunlight), favorab lemanagementforw ater and fertility, as w ell as strict contro l for disease and pes,t the g row th rate of one year o ld seedlings w ereimproved, and the average height and d iameter ofC. furtunei seed lings reached 20 cm and 0. 45 cm respectively. Thee ff icient nursing cou ld be achieved by the utilizat ion of super provenances and varieties, as w ell as match ing forrelevant scient ific techn iques for nursing. For themountainous sites, land under the crow n o f broad leaf at grade?? o rstands, asw ell as eastward shady land w ou ld be preferentia,l and super seed lings of grade I or IIw ith 21- 25 cm forheight and 0. 40 cm for diameter should be selected for cultivat ion. The proper planting density shou ld be 1 m ×0. 3m and 0. 3 m × 0. 3m for land under broadleaf crow n and shady droughty land respect ively. If the havelock equipment in f ie ld w as used, seed lings w ith 15- 20 cm for he ight and 0. 30 cm for d iameter shou ld be selected forcu lt ivation, w ith the density and transm ittance be ing 0. 3 cm × 0. 3 cm and 50% respective ly. A fter plant ing,fostering for young seedlings and preventing for disease and pest shou ld be streng thened, at the same time the N, Pand K shou ld be properly applied. The harves,t including harvest of branches, leaves, cutt ing stem or thewho le p lantin short period and high y ield offic inal plantat ion o fC. fortunei shou ld be performed in autumn and w inter 3- 4 yearsor 4- 5 years after planting, o fwh ich the stem should be cut at height of 10 cm. |
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| Keywords: | C ephalotaxus fortunei seedling raising medical plantat ion cu lt ivation |
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