| 新型有机无机复合肥对冬小麦产量及关键期生长的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 周立峰,冯浩.新型有机无机复合肥对冬小麦产量及关键期生长的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(1):13-18. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周立峰 冯浩 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心 杨凌712100;中国科学院研究生院北京 100049
2. 中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心 杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所杨凌712100 |
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| 基金项目： | “十二五”国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100503)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 合理灌溉和施用肥料是实现冬小麦节水增产增效的关键,本研究选用"小偃22号"小麦品种,通过田间试验,于2009~2010年研究了不同施用量新型有机无机复合肥(SAF)对冬小麦农田关键期土壤剖面含水量以及作物生长与产量的影响。结果表明:1)各SAF处理较常规施肥(NF)增产在10%~30%之间;随着灌水量的增大,SAF最佳施肥量也随之增大,3种灌水处理中,理论最大产量出现在灌1水处理中,为8 894.11 kg·hm-2,此时对应的SAF施肥水平为1 350 kg·hm-2。2)小麦拔节初期,SAF处理土壤剖面含水量从表层到深层呈现缓慢减小再持续增大的"V"型分布,而常规施肥处理则呈现为减小增大再减小再增大的"W"型分布;在小麦灌浆期,SAF处理土壤剖面含水率的峰、谷值的深度均深于常规施肥处理。3)小麦分蘖期,SAF处理使小麦植株相对低矮,根相对粗短,这种趋势随着肥料施量的增大越发明显。在灌浆期,中SAF处理植株最为低矮,而穗重及地上干物质量最大;小麦灌浆速率差异主要表现在中SAF处理的小麦灌浆速率明显高于其余处理。上述结果表明:SAF使土壤垂直剖面含水率峰、谷值出现的位置更深;SAF处理的灌浆速率高于常规施肥处理,相比常规施肥处理,SAF处理可使作物在低灌水条件下(拔节期灌水60 mm)更好地实现最优产量。
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| 关 键 词： | 新型有机无机复合肥 冬小麦 土壤含水率 植株形态 灌浆速率 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011/3/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2011/7/29 0:00:00 |
Effects of soil fertilizer amendment on growth during critical growth stages and yield of winter wheat |
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| ZHOU Li-Feng and FENG Hao.Effects of soil fertilizer amendment on growth during critical growth stages and yield of winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(1):13-18. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Li-Feng and FENG Hao |
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| Institution: | Research Center for Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Research Center for Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Reasonable irrigation and fertilization are key factors of winter wheat production.Field experiments were conducted in 2009~2010 with "Xiaoyan 22" as materials.The effects of soil fertilizer amendment(SFA) on water content along soil profile and growth at critical growth stages and yield of winter wheat were investigated.The results show that yield under SFA treatments was 10%~30% higher than that under normal fertilization(NF) treatment.Optimum SFA increased with increasing irrigation amount.Theoretical maximum yield was 8 894.11 kg·hm-2,which was under single irrigation with 1 350 kg·hm-2 SFA.At the start of jointing stage,soil water content under SFA treatments initially increased steadily and then slowly decreased in a V-shaped distribution curve from surface to deep layer along soil profile,quite different from the W-shaped distribution curve under NF treatment.At grain-filling stage,the depth of max and min soil moisture content under SFA occurred much deeper than that under NF treatment.At tillering stage,plants under SFA treatments were low with relatively thick and short roots.This trend was more obvious at higher fertilizer application rates.At grain-filling stage,however,plant height was lowest,spike dry-matter and dry-weight of aboveground part were highest under middle SAF treatment.In the middle of SFA treatment,wheat filling rate was significantly higher than that under all other treatments.Thus SFA deepened the position of max and min soil moisture content along soil profile.Wheat growth rate under SFA was higher than under NF treatment.SFA treatment facilitated optimal production in low water conditions(jointing stage irrigation of 60 mm) than NF treatment. |
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| Keywords: | Soil fertilizer amendment Winter wheat Soil water content Plant morphology Grain-filling rate Yield |
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