| 农药喷雾全过程性能分析及其测试技术研究进展 |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑加强 张慧春 徐幼林 周宏平 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京林业大学机械电子工程学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(31371963);江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2020-18);江苏省六大人才高峰计划(NY-058);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);南京林业大学“一流学科”建设经费项目(PNFD)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 农林植物受生物及非生物胁迫的发生面积居高不下,化学农药防治是消灭或控制病虫草害等有害生物胁迫的最主要方法,而农药喷雾性能直接影响着病虫草害防治效果。通过农药喷雾全过程性能综合分析图,归纳了农药喷雾过程中的雾化性能、输运沉降性能和沉积性能。其中,雾化性能包括雾流锥角形状、射流贯穿长度、液膜破碎距离以及药液在线混合等喷雾宏观特性和雾滴变形、分裂、聚并、碰撞和雾滴尺寸、雾滴速度等喷雾微观特性;雾滴形成后到达靶标前的流场(电场)性能及其雾滴在流场(电场)中的行为是输运沉降性能的重要测试内容;雾滴到达靶标后包括浸润、持留、蒸发、弹跳、滑落等雾滴沉积性能。综述了农药喷雾性能综合测试方法、关键喷雾部件性能测试、雾化过程性能测试、输运过程喷雾流场及沉降性能测试、沉积过程雾滴运动行为测试、防治效果测试、农药残留测试等研究概况,提出了开展系列化喷雾性能标准试验系统研究、模块化田间喷雾性能测试仪研制、综合喷雾性能测试系统、农药喷雾模型与喷雾性能物理测试互动耦合、生物农药喷雾性能测试、农药残留快速智能化检测、根据靶标植物的表型特征调节农药用量的测试技术研究及智能化无人农场植保作业性能测试系统设计等建议,以形成系统化农药喷雾性能测试体系。
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| 关 键 词： | 植保机械 农药喷雾 喷雾性能测试系统 喷雾性能 防治效果 |
Development and prospect on performance analysis and measurement techniques of pesticide spraying process |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Jiaqiang ZHANG Huichun XU Youlin ZHOU Hongping |
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| Institution: | (College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China) |
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| Abstract: | The biological and abiotic stresses widely occur in agricultural and forestry productions.The pesticide application is the most important mean to eliminate or control the abiotic stresses of the plant diseases,insects and weeds.The pesticide spraying performances have the direct impact on the control effectiveness of diseases,insects,and weeds.Through the comprehensive analysis diagram of the pesticide spraying performance,the atomization performance,depositing performance and deposition performance of pesticide spraying process were summarized.The atomization performance includes the macro spraying characteristics of the spraying cone angle shape,the jet penetration length,the liquid film breakage distance,and the micro spraying characteristics of the droplet deformation,splitting,coalescence,collision and the droplet size,droplet velocity,etc.The depositing performance includes the characteristics of the flow field(electric field)and its behavior between the atomizer and the spraying target.The deposition performance also includes wetting,retention,evaporation,bouncing,sliding,etc.after the droplets reaching the spraying target.The main research progresses related to the pesticide spraying process were reviewed,including the comprehensive measurement methods of pesticide spraying performance,the performance measurement of key spraying parts,the performance measurement of atomization process,the performance measurement of spraying flow field and the depositing process,the droplet movement behavior measurement of the deposition process,the control effectiveness determination,the pesticide residue detection,etc.Finally,several suggestions of research and development of pesticide spraying performance measurement were put forward to form a systematic pesticide spraying performance measurement system,such as,the serialization and standard spraying performance measurement system,the field modular spraying performance in-situ measurement system,the comprehensive spraying performance measurement system,the coupling of the pesticide spraying model and the spraying performance physical testing,the biopesticide spraying performance measurement,the rapid intelligent detection technique of pesticide residues,the measurement technology of the pesticide dosage adjusting based on phenotypic characteristics of target plants,the design of plant protection performance measurement system for intelligent unmanned farms,etc. |
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| Keywords: | plant protection machinery pesticide spraying process spray performance test system spray performance control effect |
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