| 《马可波罗游记》中记载的肃州毒草及其生态环境背景调查 |
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| 引用本文： | 邵树勋,郑宝山,赵成章,殷翠琴,朗永斌,张爱玲.《马可波罗游记》中记载的肃州毒草及其生态环境背景调查[J].草业科学,2004,21(6):62-66. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邵树勋 郑宝山 赵成章 殷翠琴 朗永斌 张爱玲 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州,贵阳,550002;中国科学院寒区早区环境与工程研究所,甘肃,兰州,734400;甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县畜牧局,甘肃,肃南,734400 |
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| 摘 要： | 调查了<马可波罗游记>所记载的中国古代肃州引起牲畜中毒的毒草类型、分布特征及其发育地的生态环境背景.结果表明:在马可波罗当年旅行经过的肃州地区,狼毒Stellera chamaejasme,棘豆Oxytropis,醉马草Achnatherum inebrians 3种毒草大面积分布,已泛滥成灾,造成了数万头(只)牛、羊等家畜大量中毒死亡,严重影响了当地畜牧业的发展.肃南县是毒草生态灾害的重灾区,狼毒、棘豆、醉马草在该区广泛发育.狼毒、醉马草、黄花棘豆O.ochranthd发育在海拔3000 m左右、降水量近300 mm的祁连山中高山区草原生态环境;小花棘豆O.glabra分布在降水量不到100mm、蒸发量可达2 900 mm、严重盐碱化的明花区走廊荒漠草原生态环境.棘豆植物分布区地理位置和牲畜中毒征状说明肃南县的棘豆毒草很可能是<马可波罗游记>中所记栽的引起牲畜中毒的毒草.
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| 关 键 词： | 马可波罗 肃州 毒草 肃南县 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-0629(2004)06-0062-05 |
Toxic grasses of Succuir recorded inand their eco-environmental background |
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| SHAO Shu-xun,ZHENG Bao-shan,ZHAO Cheng-zhang,YIN Cui-qin,LANG Yong-bin,ZHANG Ai-ling ry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang ,China,. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou ,China, . Animal Husbandry Bureau of Yugur Nationality Autonomous County of Sunan,Gansu,Sunan ,China.Toxic grasses of Succuir recorded inand their eco-environmental background[J].Pratacultural Science,2004,21(6):62-66. |
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| Authors: | SHAO Shu-xun ZHENG Bao-shan ZHAO Cheng-zhang YIN Cui-qin LANG Yong-bin ZHANG Ai-ling ry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Animal Husbandry Bureau of Yugur Nationality Autonomous County of Sunan Gansu Sunan China |
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| Institution: | SHAO Shu-xun~1,ZHENG Bao-shan~1,ZHAO Cheng-zhang~2,YIN Cui-qin~3,LANG Yong-bin~3,ZHANG Ai-ling~3 ry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550002,China,2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China, 3. Animal Husbandry Bureau of Yugur Nationality Autonomous County of Sunan,Gansu,Sunan 734400,China) |
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| Abstract: | In 1295, Marco Polo reported that a species of toxic grass grew in Suchow, Western China, and that his horses suffered from poisoning after being fed it. In order to discover the toxic plant and its growing place, this study investigated the species, distribution and environmental background of toxic grasses of Sunan County in Gansu Province, in the Suchow district recorded by Marco Polo. Investigation results indicate that the toxic grasses Stellera chamaejasme, Oxytropis and Achnatherum inebrians were widely distributed in the Suchow area where Marco Polo traveled by 700 years ago, and had become an ecological disaster causing the death of thousands of sheep and cattle. These toxic grasses indeed badly damaged production of the local stockbreeding. The Sunan Yugur Autonomous County is a bad disaster region due to toxic grasses. The aforementioned three species of toxic grasses grow widely in natural grassland from the Qilian Mountains to the Hexi Corridor within the Sunan Yugur Autonomous County. S. chamaejasme, A. inebrians and O. ochrantha occur in grassland at an altitude of about 3 000 m on the Qilian Mountains with precipitation less than 300 mm per year. O. glabra is distributed in the desert grassland of the Hexi Corridor, on the severely saline-alkali soil of the Minghua district, where the precipitation is less than 100 mm per year and evaporation can reach 2 900 mm per year. The distribution area, geographic position and the symptoms of poisoning in livestock of Oxytropis indicate that Oxytropis in Sunan County may well be the toxic plant that caused the selenosis of livestock recorded by Marco Polo in 1295. |
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| Keywords: | Marco Polo Suchow toxic grass Sunan County |
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