| 1961-2019年黄河流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 姬兴杰,刘美,吴稀稀,丁亚磊,朱业玉.1961-2019年黄河流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(14):136-145. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姬兴杰 刘美 吴稀稀 丁亚磊 朱业玉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室，郑州 450003；2. 河南省气候中心，郑州 450003；;3. 郑州大学化学学院，郑州 450001;4. 洛阳市气象局，洛阳 471003;5. 郑州大学生态与环境学院，郑州 450001 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室应用技术研究基金项目（KZ202005）；中国气象局气象软科学项目（重大） (2020ZDAXM02) |
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| 摘 要： | 基于黄河流域317个气象站1961-2019年逐日降雨资料，采用日降雨侵蚀力计算模型计算各站点降雨侵蚀力，统计分析了流域降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征及其与地理因子和气象因子的关系，从总体趋势角度综合探讨导致土壤水蚀加剧的原因，以期为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供技术支撑。结果表明：1）黄河流域1961-2019年平均降雨侵蚀力为1 223.1 MJ?mm/(hm2?h?a)，整体呈不显著下降趋势，下降速率为每10a下降6.71 MJ?mm/(hm2?h?a)。降雨侵蚀力夏高冬低，夏季降雨侵蚀力占全年的61.3%，冬季仅占0.3%。2）黄河流域多年平均降雨侵蚀力值的分布范围为33.0～3 550.6 MJ?mm/(hm2?h?a)，空间分布呈从西北到东南递增的规律。3）降雨侵蚀力与各地理因子均呈极显著相关关系，其中与经度和坡度呈正相关，相关系数分别为0.587和0.164（n=317，p<0.01），与纬度和海拔高度呈负相关，相关系数分别为-0.498和-0.490（n=317，p<0.01）；降雨侵蚀力与降雨量、降水日数、雨强和暴雨日数均呈极显著正相关关系，相关系数分别为0.839、0.208、0.819和0.753(n=317，p<0.01)。逐步回归分析显示，降雨量对降雨侵蚀力的贡献率最大，降雨量是导致降雨侵蚀力变化的最主要因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 侵蚀 降雨侵蚀力 时空变化 地理因子 黄河流域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/9/23 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/7/6 0:00:00 |
Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of rainfall erosivity in the Yellow River Basin from 1961 to 2019 |
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| Ji Xingjie,Liu Mei,Wu Xixi,Ding Yalei,Zhu Yeyu.Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of rainfall erosivity in the Yellow River Basin from 1961 to 2019[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(14):136-145. |
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| Authors: | Ji Xingjie Liu Mei Wu Xixi Ding Yalei Zhu Yeyu |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Agro-meteorological Safeguard and Applied Technique in Henan Province, China Meteorological Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China; 2. Henan Climate Center, Zhengzhou 450003, China;;3. College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;;4. Luoyang Meteorological Bureau, Luoyang 471003, China;;5. College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The Yellow River Basin has been one of the most serious areas of soil erosion in China in recent years. A large area of soil erosion is distributed in the middle reaches of Loess Plateau areas. The comprehensive influence of precipitation, vegetation, soil, topography, and human activities has posed a great threat to the ecological and environmental landscapes, due mainly to a large population, and a long history of farming. Much effort has been made on the temporal and spatial variation of rainfall erosion in the whole Basin of the Yellow River. But, it is still lacking in the relationship between the rainfall erosion force and geographical factors, such as latitude, longitude, and altitude. In this study, the daily rain erosion force model was established to calculate the rainfall erosion force for each station using the daily rainfall data of 317 weather stations in the Yellow River Basin from 1961 to 2019. A systematic analysis was made to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosion force in the basin. A correlation analysis was also used to determine the geographical factors, such as rainfall, longitude, latitude, and altitude. The results showed that the average rainfall erosivity was 1 223.1 MJ?mm/(hm2?h?a) in the Yellow River Basin from 1961 to 2019. The decline rate was 6.71 MJ?mm/(hm2?h?a) per 10 years. The erosion of rainfall in all four seasons showed no significant change trend, of which the erosion force of summer rainfall showed an upward trend, and the rest showed a downward trend. In terms of intra-year changes, the erosion force of rainfall reached the maximum of 317.1.4 MJ?mm/(hm2?h?a) in July, and the minimum of 0.8 MJ?mm/(hm2?h?a) in January. The rainfall erosion was high in summer and low in winter, with the summer rainfall erosion accounting for 61.3% of the year and only 0.3% in winter. The distribution range of multi-year average rainfall erosivity was 33.0-3 550.6 MJ?mm/(hm2?h?a) . The spatial distribution was basically consistent with the annual average rainfall, indicating the increasing trend from the northwest to the southeast. There was an upward trend in the annual rainfall erosion force in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin. The middle and lower reaches showed a downward trend. Among them, a significant increase was found at the Fangshan, Tianzhu, Guinan, and Zeku stations, as well as Jia County. The rainfall erosivity was positively correlated with the rainfall, longitude, and slope, with correlation coefficients of 0.839, 0.587, and 0.164 (n=317, P <0.01), respectively. By contrast, there was a negative correlation between latitude and altitude, with the correlation coefficients of -0.498, and -0.490 (n=317, P<0.01), respectively. Stepwise regression showed that rainfall erosion was mainly affected by the combination of rainfall, altitude, longitude, and surface slope. Among them, the contribution rate of rainfall to erosion was the largest and most positive. Latitude and altitude were the main influencing factors of the climate propensity during rainfall erosion, where the latitude also presented the largest contribution rate and a positive contribution. Consequently, a better understanding was gained of the temporal and spatial patterns of rainfall erosivity in the Yellow River Basin and the various influencing factors. The finding can provide strong support to the development of the Yellow River Basin. |
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| Keywords: | erosion rainfall erosivity spatiotemporal variation Yellow River Basin |
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